Surface & texture · Simulated material
Gloss & highlights
Specular highlights, wet plastic, bubbles.
A design choice in Stylogeny’s vocabulary, under surface & texture: what is the material finish?
- styles make it
- 37
- as a defining choice
- 4
- as a usual one
- 16
- now and then
- 17
- avoid it
- 125
Styles defined by it 4
For these styles it is one of the choices that make the style.
Streamline ModerneThe late, chiefly American phase of Art Deco, in which aerodynamic science became a visual language for a Depression-era culture hungry for progress.
Y2K FuturismThe optimistic, chrome-plated vision of the future that surrounded the turn of the millennium, spread by consumer electronics, music videos, games, fashion and dot-com branding.
- Frutiger AeroThe glossy, optimistic look of consumer technology from the mid-2000s to the early 2010s, retrospectively named in 2017 by the Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute after Windows Vista's Aero interface and Adrian Frutiger's humanist sans.
Generative-AI Image AestheticThe house look of pictures synthesised by text-to-image diffusion models since 2022.
Styles that often use it 16
A characteristic choice: usual in these styles, though not essential.
- Indian Calendar & Bazaar ArtMass-printed images of Hindu deities, epic scenes, saints, nationalist heroes and film stars, sold in bazaars and given away as business calendars, from the chromolithographs of the Calcutta Art Studio and Ravi Varma Press to Sivakasi offset.
Basel Object Poster (Swiss Sachplakat)The Swiss descendant of the German object poster, made in Zurich and above all Basel from 1919 to the early 1950s.
Jeepney ArtThe decoration of the Philippine jeepney, the shared taxi built from surplus US Army jeeps after 1945 and later from locally fabricated stainless-steel bodies by firms such as Sarao and Francisco Motors.
- Pakistani Truck ArtThe total decoration of Pakistan's trucks and buses, which grew from company marks and saints' portraits painted in the late 1940s into a workshop art in which painters, metalworkers, woodcarvers and reflective-tape specialists collaborate on each vehicle.
- Picó Sound-System Painting (Colombian Caribbean)The hand-painted fronts of the picós, the giant sound systems that play dances in the barrios of Barranquilla and Cartagena.
AfriCOBRAThe Black Arts Movement collective founded in Chicago in 1968 by Jeff Donaldson, Wadsworth and Jae Jarrell, Barbara Jones-Hogu and Gerald Williams, after OBAC's Wall of Respect mural.
Tingatinga PaintingA Tanzanian popular painting school begun in Dar es Salaam by Edward Tingatinga (1932–1972), who from 1968 painted animals, birds and village scenes in glossy bicycle enamel on square hardboard ceiling boards for residents and tourists.
Demoscene Graphics (Cracktros, Demos & Text-Mode Art)The graphics of the demoscene, a mainly European community of coders, graphicians and musicians that grew from the intros software crackers added to pirated Commodore 64 and Amiga games in the mid-1980s.
Matatu & Nganya ArtThe commissioned livery of Kenya's privately owned minibus taxis, at its most elaborate the Nairobi nganya.
- Nigerian Pentecostal Crusade Poster & BillboardThe roadside adverts of Nigeria's Pentecostal and independent churches: billboards, banners and posters on poles, walls and bridges announcing crusades, revivals, conventions and night vigils.
SuperflatThe flat, saturated, cartoon-crowded look that Takashi Murakami named in his exhibition and manifesto Superflat (Tokyo, 2000; US tour 2001).
Emoji Pictographic LanguagePictographs typed as characters and set inline in running text.
Skeuomorphic UIInterface design that imitates physical materials and objects (stitched leather, linen, wooden shelves, brushed aluminium, felt, paper and glass) so that digital tools look and behave like their real-world counterparts.
Itasha (Anime Character Car Graphics)Private cars, motorbikes and bicycles that Japanese fans of anime, manga and games cover with their favourite characters, named by the mid-2000s with the self-mocking word itasha, 'painful car'.
Neo-Andean Architecture (Cholets)The facades and party halls of El Alto, Bolivia, begun by the Aymara builder-architect Freddy Mamani in 2005 for a new Aymara merchant class.
Synthwave / OutrunThe retro-futurist look of synthwave music: a 1980s revival that grew from mid-2000s French electro and online synth scenes, took its other name from Sega's arcade racer Out Run (1986) and reached the mainstream with Drive (2011).
Styles that use it now and then 17
An occasional choice in these styles.
- Senegalese Sufi Devotional Imagery (Souwère Glass Painting and Amadou Bamba Portraits)1900–present
- Art Deco1910–1939
- Mexican Calendar Chromo (Cromos calendáricos)1930–1970
- Hand-Painted Bollywood Poster1940–1999
- Kawaii Design1970–present
- Graffiti & Hip-Hop Graphics1972–present
- Techno-Futurist Graphics1986–2002
- Rave & Acid House Graphics1988–2000
- Korean Webtoon Graphics2002–present
- Vaporwave2011–2017
- YouTube Thumbnail Style (the 'YouTube Face')2012–present
- 'Good Morning' Greeting Images (WhatsApp Forward Vernacular)2013–present
- Front-of-Pack Warning Octagons (Latin American Food Warning Seals)2016–present
- VTuber Avatar and Stream Graphics2016–present
- Guochao (China-Chic National Trend)2018–present
- Claymorphism & Soft 3D2020–present
- Glassmorphism2020–present
It often goes with
Choices that the styles making it make more often than the atlas as a whole.
- Gradientsin 30 of 37
- Illusion of depthin 24 of 37
- Chrome & 3D renderin 15 of 37
- Cosmic & celestialin 19 of 37
- 3D renderin 15 of 37
- Fluorescent & neonin 15 of 37
Styles that avoid it
Styles that deliberately leave it out.
- Amazigh Sign System & Tifinaghc. 0–present
- Chinese Calligraphy & Seal Carving (Shufa & Zhuanke)c. 0–present
- Chinese Paper-Cut (Jianzhi)c. 500–present
- Gothic Blackletter & Fraktur Traditionc. 1180–present
- Mongol Bichig Calligraphy & Ugalz Ornamentc. 1204–present
- Mithila (Madhubani) Paintingc. 1350–present
- Persian Nastaʿlīq Calligraphy (Qiṭʿa, Chalipa and Siyāh-mashq)c. 1400–present
- Ma & Wabi-sabi Aesthetics1500–present
- Đông Hồ & Hàng Trống Folk Prints1600–present
- Sápmi Graphic Identity (Duodji & Gákti Colour Code)1600–present
- Pacific Barkcloth (Tapa) Design1700–present
- Kalighat Pat & Battala Bazaar Prints1830–1930
- Urdu Katib Lithography1837–present
- Arts & Crafts Movement1860–1920
- African Wax & Fancy Print1880–present
- Mexican Popular Graphics (Posada)1880–1917
- Bògòlanfini Mud Cloth1900–present
- Uli & Nsibidi Line and Sign Tradition1900–present
- Expressionist Woodcut Graphics1905–1925
- Santiniketan & Bengal School Graphics1905–1954
- Cubist Pictorial Space1907–1925
- Russian Futurist Book1910–1920
- Arnhem Land Bark Painting & Rarrk1912–present
- Estridentismo (Stridentist) Graphics1921–1927
- Brazilian Modernismo Graphics (Klaxon and the Semana de 22)1922–1929
- Harlem Renaissance Graphic Art1925–1940
- Scandinavian Functionalism1930–present
- Chinese Modern Woodcut Movement1931–1949
- American Four-Colour Comic Book (Golden to Bronze Age)1934–1993
- Taller de Gráfica Popular1937–1977
- American Mid-Century Modernism1940–1970
- Literatura de Cordel Woodcut1940–present
- Bengali Modernist Book Cover (Prachchhad)1943–present
- UPA & Cartoon Modern1944–1960
- Vietnamese Propaganda Poster (Tranh cổ động)1945–present
- Puerto Rican Silkscreen Poster (DIVEDCO & ICP)1946–1989
- Escuela Bruguera (Spanish Humour Comics)1947–1986
- Onitsha Market Pamphlets1947–1980
- Argentine Adventure Historieta (Oesterheld–Breccia)1948–1996
- Hurufiyya Calligraphic Modernism1949–present
- Finnish Bold Print (Marimekko Modernism)1951–present
- Cairo–Beirut Arab Modernist Book & Periodical Design1952–1990
- Vicente Rojo & Mexican Editorial Modernism1953–1990
- West German Conceptual Film & Culture Poster (Hillmann and Rambow)1953–1990
- Zagreb School of Animated Film1954–1980
- Chinese National-Style Animation (Shanghai Animation Film Studio)1956–1989
- Situationist Détournement Graphics1956–1972
- Thaw Modernism (Soviet and Czechoslovak)1956–1968
- Turkish Modernist Poster & Graphic Design1959–2000
- Cuban Revolutionary Poster (OSPAAAL & ICAIC)1960–1990
- Di Tella Graphic Design (Instituto Torcuato Di Tella)1960–1970
- Greek Tourism Modernism (EOT)1960–1974
- Iranian Modernist Graphic Design1960–present
- Indian Institutional Modernism (NID)1961–1990
- Casablanca School Graphic Modernism1962–1987
- Fluxus Graphics (Maciunas)1962–1978
- Rorke's Drift Linocut1962–1982
- Woodland School (Legend Painting)1962–present
- Baybayin Revival Graphics1963–present
- Hong Kong East–West Graphic Modernism1964–present
- Chicano Screenprint Poster1965–present
- Palestinian Resistance Poster1965–1993
- Black Panther Party Graphics1967–1980
- Chilean Unidad Popular & Nueva Canción Graphics1967–1973
- Gráfica del 68 (Mexican Student Movement Graphics)1968
- Ultras Graphics (Curva Banners and Tifo)1968–present
- Underground Comix1968–1982
- Grapus (French Militant Graphic Collective)1970–1990
- Warli Painting1970–present
- Australian Poster Collective Screenprints1971–1994
- Western Desert Iconography1971–present
- Ethiopian Revolutionary Poster (Derg Era)1974–1991
- Lebanese Civil War Party Poster1975–1990
- Punk & DIY Zine1976–1986
- Bitmap & Pixel Graphics1977–1995
- Iranian Revolutionary & Sacred Defence Poster1978–1988
- South African Resistance Poster1978–1994
- Stencil Street Art1978–present
- Cranbrook & Deconstructivist Typography1980–1998
- Solidarność & Polish Underground Graphics1980–1989
- Pardhan Gond Painting (Jangarh Kalam)1981–present
- Emigre & Early Digital Type1984–1998
- Global Village Coffeehouse1988–2003
- Black Metal Graphics1990–present
- Grunge Typography1990–2000
- L'Association and French Alternative Comics1990–present
- Screenprinted Gig & Alt-Movie Poster1991–present
- Torres Strait Islander Linocut1991–present
- Bitterkomix (Afrikaans Underground Comics)1992–present
- Indonesian Woodcut Activism (Taring Padi)1998–present
- Glitch Art & Datamosh Graphics2001–present
- Arabic Calligraffiti2002–present
- Cartonera Books (Latin American Cardboard Publishing)2003–present
- Contemporary Chinese Book Design ('Most Beautiful Books of China')2003–present
- Internet Ugly & Meme Vernacular2003–present
- Hauntology & Ghost Box Design2004–present
- Neo-Swiss Revival2005–present
- Seoul Independent Graphic Design (Small-Studio Scene)2005–present
- Oaxacan Protest Printmaking & Street Graphics (ASARO)2006–present
- Arab Independent Comics (Samandal, TokTok, Lab619, Skefkef)2007–present
- Hipster Artisanal Revival2007–2018
- Natural Wine Label Art2007–present
- Risograph & Indie Print Culture2008–present
- Newsroom Data Graphics & Scrollytelling2009–present
- Flat Design2010–2016
- Egyptian Revolutionary Street Art (Mohamed Mahmoud Murals)2011–2014
- Slow-Living Editorial (the Kinfolk Look)2011–present
- Syrian Revolution Graphics (Kafranbel Banners & Poster Collectives)2011–2024
- GOV.UK Design (GDS Style)2012–present
- Low Poly Illustration2012–present
- Plain Tobacco Packaging2012–present
- Brutalist Web Design2014–present
- Data Humanism2014–present
- Hong Kong Protest Art (Umbrella Movement to the 2019–20 Protests)2014–2020
- Material Design2014–present
- Solarpunk2014–present
- Analog Horror Graphics2015–present
- Latin American Feminist Protest Graphics (Ni Una Menos and the Green Wave)2015–present
- Extinction Rebellion Graphics2018–present
- Chilean Estallido Social Graphics (Revuelta Popular of 2019–20)2019–2022
- Neumorphism2019–2021
- Weirdcore & Dreamcore2019–present
- Neo-Brutalism2020–present
- Ukrainian Wartime Graphics (Saint Javelin, War Stamps and Be Brave Like Ukraine)2022–present
- Woman, Life, Freedom Protest Graphics (Iran and the Diaspora)2022–present