Branch

Craft & organic graphic-design styles

Arts & Crafts through Art Nouveau: the hand, nature and the unified work of art. Stylogeny describes 14 of them. The earliest began in 1860, the latest in 2014. Of these, 1 is still in use.

The 14 styles

Oldest first. Each has its own page: its design choices, where it comes from, and real works.

Arts & Crafts Movement1860–1920 · Western Europe, North AmericaA British-led reform movement that answered industrial shoddiness with honest handcraft, medieval models and the ideal of joy in labour.
Japonisme1860–1910 · Western Europe, North America, Central EuropeThe Western absorption of Japanese woodblock prints, textiles and crafts after Japan reopened to trade in the 1850s.
Celtic Revival Illumination & Lettering1861–1951 · Western EuropeOrnament and lettering of the Celtic Revival in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man, modelled on Insular gospel books such as Kells and on carved stone crosses.
Norwegian and Finnish National Romantic Graphics (Munthe & Karelianism)1880–1922 · Northern EuropeThe flat, decorative branch of Norway's and Finland's national romanticism, which turned Viking carving, the sagas, the Kalevala and old peasant weaving into modern ornament.
Art Nouveau1890–1910 · Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, North AmericaAn international 'new art' that sought a modern style free of historical revival, drawing its forms from plant growth and the female figure.
Glasgow Style1890–1914 · Western EuropeGlasgow's distinctive answer to Art Nouveau, formed around Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Margaret and Frances Macdonald and Herbert MacNair at the Glasgow School of Art.
Nieuwe Kunst (Dutch Art Nouveau)1892–1914 · Western EuropeThe Dutch branch of Art Nouveau, seen mostly in book covers, vignettes and posters.
German Book Art Movement (Buchkunstbewegung)1895–1933 · Central EuropeThe German reform of the book, from the magazine Pan (1895) to the private presses that ended around 1933.
Vienna Secession1897–1918 · Central EuropeThe Viennese break with academic art led by Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser, Josef Hoffmann and Alfred Roller, which pulled Art Nouveau toward the square, the grid and the flat plane.
Mir iskusstva Book Art1898–1927 · Eastern EuropeThe graphic idiom of the St Petersburg World of Art circle (journal 1898–1904, exhibitions until Paris 1927) and the book artists around it.
Santiniketan & Bengal School Graphics1905–1954 · South AsiaThe nationalist, anti-academic art of Calcutta and Santiniketan, which turned from oil-paint naturalism and chromolithograph gloss to Indian and pan-Asian sources.
Bezalel School1906–1929 · Middle East & North AfricaThe house style of the Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts, opened in Jerusalem by Boris Schatz in 1906 with E.
Taishō Roman & Lyrical Illustration1910–1940 · East AsiaThe lyrical illustration (jojōga) of late-Meiji to early-Shōwa Japan, led by Takehisa Yumeji: willowy, large-eyed women in kimono drawn with an Art Nouveau contour, set among camellias and kimono patterns and lettered by hand.
Solarpunk2014–present · Global / networked, North America, Latin America & CaribbeanHopeful eco-futurist imagery born online.

The design choices they share

The choices these styles make more often than the 359 styles in the atlas as a whole, most telling first.

Biomorphic curvesin 14 of 14
Floral & vegetalin 13 of 14
Romantic & sensualin 12 of 14
Pattern & repeatin 12 of 14
Lithographyin 11 of 14
Jewel & metallicin 9 of 14
Borders & framesin 12 of 14
Line illustrationin 13 of 14

Craft & organic graphic-design styles

The 14 styles

The design choices they share

Where they come from

When they began

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