Counterculture · 1972–present · North America, Global / networked
Graffiti & Hip-Hop Graphics
Also known as Subway writing, Wildstyle, Aerosol art, Hip-hop flyer art
Born on New York's subway cars and Bronx party flyers, graffiti writing turns the writer's name into a monumental letter-sculpture: bubble, block and wildstyle letters with arrows, 3D drop shadows, fades and highlights, painted freehand in aerosol. Hip-hop's flyers, sleeves and logos carried the same lettering, cartoon characters and street swagger into print and then around the world.
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01
How it works
- Make the name the image: build letters as interlocking, overlapping forms with arrows and connections growing from the strokes.
- Give every letter a hard 3D drop block and an outline, then add white highlights and sparkles as if the surface shines.
- Fill letters with fades, splits and patterns in saturated colour rather than a single flat hue.
- Paint freehand with aerosol at architectural scale, on walls and trains.
- Add a cartoon character or B-boy figure beside the letters to give the piece a personality.
- Develop a personal handstyle; originality of letter structure matters more than legibility to outsiders.
New York City (the Bronx, Brooklyn, Upper Manhattan) and Philadelphia
02
Its design choices
From Stylogeny’s vocabulary of design choices: defining choices make the style, characteristic ones are usual, occasional ones turn up now and then.
- Layout & composition
- Space & hierarchy
- Typography
- Colour
- Form & shape
- Surface & texture
- Ornament
- Imagery
- Medium & production
- Tone & intent
- Avoids
- Modular grid, Classical text block, Flush left, ragged right, Generous white space, Ornament-free, Rational & objective, Calm & contemplative
Palette
#111111#e4002b#ffcc00#00a3e0#7ac143#c0c0c0
Typefaces
Wildstyle lettering
Bubble letters
softies, after Phase 2
Blockbuster letters
Tag handstyles
Known for
Phase 2
bubble letters; Bronx party flyers
Lee Quiñones
whole-car subway pieces
Dondi White
Lady Pink
Buddy Esquire
hip-hop party flyers
Cey Adams & The Drawing Board
Def Jam Recordings
Martha Cooper & Henry Chalfant, Subway Art
1984
03
Make something in this style
Say what you need, and Stylogeny’s image studio draws it from Graffiti & Hip-Hop Graphics’s design choices and checks it against them. It takes about a minute, and you get a link to share.
04
Where it comes from, and what it’s close to
Before it
The style it grew out of, and the styles it borrowed from.
Alike in its design choices
Styles that make many of the same choices, related or not, besides those above.
05
Real works
Artefacts in museums, libraries and archives that show the style, linked at their source.
- Son of KelRandy Rodriguez, aka Kel 1st · 1984 · Brooklyn Museum (1999.57.19)
- Untitled (NOC 167)Melvin Samuels Jr., aka NOC 167 · undated (c. 1984; NOC's other canvas in the same gift, 1999.57.16, is dated 1984) · Brooklyn Museum (1999.57.17)
- Flier for a rap battle in the Bronx designed by Buddy EsquireBuddy Esquire (Lenoin Thompson III) · 1979 (event 11 May 1979) · Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture (2014.219.4)
- Subway trains, like this one, have been spray-painted by vandalsAnonymous subway writers; photograph by Erik Calonius (DOCUMERICA) · May 1973 · U.S. National Archives (DOCUMERICA, Environmental Protection Agency; NAID 548266, 412-DA-5779)
- Fasim wildstyle pieceFasim (photograph uploaded as own work by 'Fasim uno') · 2013 · Wikimedia Commons (self-published)
06
Sources
- Martha Cooper & Henry Chalfant, Subway Art (1984)
- Roger Gastman & Caleb Neelon, The History of American Graffiti (2010)
- Cey Adams & Bill Adler, DEFinition: The Art and Design of Hip-Hop (2008)
How Stylogeny researches and checks a style: where the facts come from.









