Colour · Transitions
Gradients
Smooth blends, fades or spectral ramps.
A design choice in Stylogeny’s vocabulary, under colour: what is the colour strategy?
- styles make it
- 97
- as a defining choice
- 12
- as a usual one
- 44
- now and then
- 41
- avoid it
- 116
Styles defined by it 12
For these styles it is one of the choices that make the style.
- Ten Bamboo Studio Colour Woodblock (Douban & Gonghua) A kind of colour woodblock printing begun in late-Ming Nanjing, made so that a print looks like a brush painting.
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Basel Object Poster (Swiss Sachplakat) The Swiss descendant of the German object poster, made in Zurich and above all Basel from 1919 to the early 1950s.
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Streamline Moderne The late, chiefly American phase of Art Deco, in which aerodynamic science became a visual language for a Depression-era culture hungry for progress.
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Demoscene Graphics (Cracktros, Demos & Text-Mode Art) The graphics of the demoscene, a mainly European community of coders, graphicians and musicians that grew from the intros software crackers added to pirated Commodore 64 and Amiga games in the mid-1980s.
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Rave & Acid House Graphics The pocket-sized promotional art of acid house, rave and early techno, handed out in record shops and car parks to advertise all-night parties.
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Matatu & Nganya Art The commissioned livery of Kenya's privately owned minibus taxis, at its most elaborate the Nairobi nganya.
- Nigerian Pentecostal Crusade Poster & Billboard The roadside adverts of Nigeria's Pentecostal and independent churches: billboards, banners and posters on poles, walls and bridges announcing crusades, revivals, conventions and night vigils.
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Skeuomorphic UI Interface design that imitates physical materials and objects (stitched leather, linen, wooden shelves, brushed aluminium, felt, paper and glass) so that digital tools look and behave like their real-world counterparts.
- Frutiger Aero The glossy, optimistic look of consumer technology from the mid-2000s to the early 2010s, retrospectively named in 2017 by the Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute after Windows Vista's Aero interface and Adrian Frutiger's humanist sans.
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Synthwave / Outrun The retro-futurist look of synthwave music: a 1980s revival that grew from mid-2000s French electro and online synth scenes, took its other name from Sega's arcade racer Out Run (1986) and reached the mainstream with Drive (2011).
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Glassmorphism An interface style of translucent, frosted panels floating over vivid, blurred backgrounds, so that depth and hierarchy come from layered transparency.
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Generative-AI Image Aesthetic The house look of pictures synthesised by text-to-image diffusion models since 2022.
Styles that often use it 44
A characteristic choice: usual in these styles, though not essential.
- Javanese Wayang Kulit (Tatah Sungging) The visual language of Javanese shadow puppets: flat figures cut from buffalo parchment, with head and legs in profile, shoulders turned to the front and long jointed arms worked by horn rods.
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Ukiyo-e Woodblock Prints Mass-produced Edo-period woodblock prints of actors, courtesans, legends and landscapes, designed by an artist, cut and printed by specialist craftsmen and sold cheaply by commercial publishers.
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Cuban Tobacco Lithography (Habilitaciones & Marquillas) The chromolithographed dress of Havana tobacco.
- Indian Calendar & Bazaar Art Mass-printed images of Hindu deities, epic scenes, saints, nationalist heroes and film stars, sold in bazaars and given away as business calendars, from the chromolithographs of the Calcutta Art Studio and Ravi Varma Press to Sivakasi offset.
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Art Deco The glamorous modern style named after the 1925 Paris Exposition des Arts Décoratifs, which disciplined ornament into geometry: sunbursts, chevrons, stepped forms and sleek stylised figures rendered in lacquer-smooth colour with metallic accents.
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Shanghai Modern & Yuefenpai The commercial art of treaty-port Shanghai.
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Surrealist Graphics Launched by André Breton's 1924 manifesto, Surrealism sought the marvellous in dreams, chance and the unconscious.
- Amazonian Boat Lettering (Abridores de Letras) The painted boat names of Pará's rivers in the Brazilian Amazon, made for about a century by self-taught riverside painters (abridores de letras).
- AIZ Political Photomontage (Heartfield) The political photomontage John Heartfield made for the communist weekly AIZ from 1930 to 1938, in Berlin and, from 1933, in Prague exile.
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Mexican Calendar Chromo (Cromos calendáricos) Mexico's give-away advertising calendars, at their height from the 1930s to the late 1960s.
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Socialist Realist Propaganda Poster The official art doctrine of the Soviet Union from 1932, later exported across the socialist world, which replaced avant-garde experiment with legible, heroic realism 'national in form, socialist in content'.
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Spanish Civil War Poster The poster war waged by the Spanish Republic, its unions and its anarchist, communist and socialist parties against Franco's uprising.
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Hand-Painted Bollywood Poster The painted publicity of Bombay's Hindi film industry, at its height from the 1940s to the 1980s.
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Jeepney Art The decoration of the Philippine jeepney, the shared taxi built from surplus US Army jeeps after 1945 and later from locally fabricated stainless-steel bodies by firms such as Sarao and Francisco Motors.
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Chinese National-Style Animation (Shanghai Animation Film Studio) The 'national style' of the Shanghai Animation Film Studio, which turned from Disney and Soviet models to Chinese media: Peking-opera masks and movement, paper-cut and folded-paper figures, mural and New Year print colour and, from 1960, ink-wash painting set in motion after Qi Baishi and Li Keran.
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Kinngait (Cape Dorset) Inuit Printmaking Prints from the Inuit co-operative studio at Kinngait (Cape Dorset), Nunavut, with a catalogued collection every year since 1959.
- Picó Sound-System Painting (Colombian Caribbean) The hand-painted fronts of the picós, the giant sound systems that play dances in the barrios of Barranquilla and Cartagena.
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Hipgnosis Photographic Concept Sleeve The sleeves the London studio Hipgnosis made for Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Genesis, Peter Gabriel, 10cc and others from 1968 to 1983.
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Afrofuturist Design A visual language of Black futures that fuses African and diasporic iconography (pyramids and ankhs, Adinkra and Nsibidi glyphs, textile patterning) with spacecraft, cosmic fields and technology.
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Graffiti & Hip-Hop Graphics Born on New York's subway cars and Bronx party flyers, graffiti writing turns the writer's name into a monumental letter-sculpture: bubble, block and wildstyle letters with arrows, 3D drop shadows, fades and highlights, painted freehand in aerosol.
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Métal hurlant Science-Fiction Comics (Mœbius, Druillet & Les Humanoïdes Associés) The adult science-fiction comics of Métal hurlant, the Paris magazine founded in 1974 by Mœbius, Philippe Druillet, Jean-Pierre Dionnet and Bernard Farkas.
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City Pop Illustration The painted look of Japanese city pop record sleeves and magazine covers, fixed by Hiroshi Nagai's sleeve for Eiichi Ohtaki's A Long Vacation (1981) and Eizin Suzuki's for Tatsuro Yamashita's For You (1982).
- Chicha Poster Fluorescent screen-printed street posters that emerged in the 1980s to promote chicha (Andean cumbia) concerts in Lima, made by printers from Andean migrant communities.
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Global Village Coffeehouse The faux-naive, earth-toned illustration style that late-1980s American designers set against Memphis, and that chain cafés, bookstores, packaging and clip art spread through the 1990s.
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Ghanaian Funeral Poster & Banner The printed death announcements of southern Ghana, also found elsewhere in West Africa: colour posters, mostly A2, pasted on walls, trees, poles and vehicles, and by the mid-2010s large PVC banners hung at the family house.
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Emoji Pictographic Language Pictographs typed as characters and set inline in running text.
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Y2K Futurism The optimistic, chrome-plated vision of the future that surrounded the turn of the millennium, spread by consumer electronics, music videos, games, fashion and dot-com branding.
- Tamil Nadu Flex Banners The digitally printed vinyl boards, locally called flex banners, that fan clubs, party cadres, businesses and families have put up along the roads of Tamil Nadu since about 2000, as flex displaced hand-painted cinema banners and cut-outs over the following decade.
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Korean Webtoon Graphics The full-colour, vertical-scroll comic that Korean web portals made standard in the 2000s and smartphone apps took worldwide.
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Itasha (Anime Character Car Graphics) Private cars, motorbikes and bicycles that Japanese fans of anime, manga and games cover with their favourite characters, named by the mid-2000s with the self-mocking word itasha, 'painful car'.
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Neo-Andean Architecture (Cholets) The facades and party halls of El Alto, Bolivia, begun by the Aymara builder-architect Freddy Mamani in 2005 for a new Aymara merchant class.
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Lucerne Poster Scene (Neubad & Südpol Posters) Lucerne's poster culture for small non-commercial venues (Südpol, Neubad, Treibhaus) and the Weltformat festival.
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Vaporwave An internet-born microgenre and visual aesthetic that remixes the debris of late-20th-century consumer culture (Windows 95 dialogs, classical busts, palm trees, mall interiors, Japanese text, early 3D renders) in pastel pinks and cyans.
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Low Poly Illustration A digital illustration and game look in which subjects are built from a visible mesh of a few flat-shaded polygons, so that animals, faces, vehicles and landscapes read as hard-edged facets with no outline or texture.
- 'Good Morning' Greeting Images (WhatsApp Forward Vernacular) The ready-made greeting pictures that millions of smartphone users, many of them older and new to the internet, forward to family, friends and groups each morning on WhatsApp, above all in India and Brazil.
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Solarpunk Hopeful eco-futurist imagery born online.
- VTuber Avatar and Stream Graphics The graphic kit of virtual YouTubers, streamers who perform behind an animated anime-style character instead of their own face.
- Lo-fi Anime Aesthetic The look of YouTube's 24/7 lo-fi hip hop streams.
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Post-Binary Typography (Bye Bye Binary and Inclusive French Type) A Franco-Belgian type practice that redesigns written French for gender inclusion inside the word.
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Book Blob (Abstract Colour-Blob Literary Fiction Cover) The default jacket of US literary fiction around 2019–2023: soft, overlapping blobs of saturated colour fill the cover edge to edge (cobalt, pink, orange-red, deep green, mustard).
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Dark Tech Minimalism The dark, restrained aesthetic of developer tools and SaaS landing pages since about 2019: near-black grounds, grey type ramps, a neutral grotesque such as Inter, hairline borders, soft radial glows and bento grids of crisp product screenshots.
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Neumorphism A short-lived interface trend in which controls are extruded from, or pressed into, a background of the same colour and modelled only by paired soft shadows.
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Claymorphism & Soft 3D A soft, toy-like 3D look from product design around 2020, given the name 'claymorphism' in a December 2021 article by Michał Malewicz.
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Instagram Slideshow Activism (Social-Justice Infographics) The text-led explainer slideshows that filled Instagram after George Floyd's murder in May 2020.
Styles that use it now and then 41
An occasional choice in these styles.
- Ma & Wabi-sabi Aesthetics 1500–present
- Zoomorphic & Figural Calligraphy (Islamic Calligrams) 1500–present
- Đông Hồ & Hàng Trống Folk Prints 1600–present
- Rinpa & Saga-bon 1600–present
- Chaekgeori & Minhwa Screen Painting 1776–present
- Japonisme 1860–1910
- Belle Époque Lithographic Poster 1866–1914
- Art Nouveau 1890–1910
- Senegalese Sufi Devotional Imagery (Souwère Glass Painting and Amadou Bamba Portraits) 1900–present
- Santiniketan & Bengal School Graphics 1905–1954
- Australian Travel Poster (ANTA Era) 1929–1959
- Nippon Kōbō & Tōhōsha Photo-Propaganda Magazines (NIPPON & FRONT) 1933–1945
- Hebrew Poster Lettering & Early Israeli State Design 1934–1974
- Tiki Pop (Polynesian Pop) 1934–present
- Story Manga (Postwar Japanese Comics) 1947–present
- French Post-War Visual-Gag Poster (Savignac, Villemot, Morvan) 1948–1979
- Vicente Rojo & Mexican Editorial Modernism 1953–1990
- Shōjo Manga (Japanese Girls' Comics) 1958–present
- Op Art Graphics 1960–1975
- Angura Theatre Poster 1965–1985
- Psychedelic Poster 1965–1973
- Soviet Central Asian Ornamental Modernism 1966–1999
- Tingatinga Painting 1968–present
- ECM Sleeve Aesthetic (Munich) 1969–present
- Grapus (French Militant Graphic Collective) 1970–1990
- Turkish Weekly Humour Magazines (Gırgır to Uykusuz) 1972–2025
- Nollywood Video Jacket & Film Poster 1992–present
- Early Web Vernacular 1994–2004
- Fantasy User Interface (FUI) & Sci-Fi HUD 1999–present
- Japanese Dense Web Design 1999–present
- Glitch Art & Datamosh Graphics 2001–present
- Modern Calligraphy and Brush Lettering 2005–present
- Seoul Independent Graphic Design (Small-Studio Scene) 2005–present
- Generative & Dynamic Identities 2007–present
- Risograph & Indie Print Culture 2008–present
- YouTube Thumbnail Style (the 'YouTube Face') 2012–present
- PC Music Graphics 2013–present
- Hong Kong Protest Art (Umbrella Movement to the 2019–20 Protests) 2014–2020
- Acid Graphics / New Ugly 2016–present
- Nutri-Score (Front-of-Pack Colour-Grade Label) 2017–present
- Weirdcore & Dreamcore 2019–present
It often goes with
Choices that the styles making it make more often than the atlas as a whole.
- Illusion of depth in 58 of 97
- Gloss & highlights in 31 of 97
- Painterly illustration in 58 of 97
- Full bleed in 51 of 97
- Luxurious & glamorous in 31 of 97
- Web & CSS in 33 of 97
Styles that avoid it
Styles that deliberately leave it out.
- Amazigh Sign System & Tifinagh c. 0–present
- Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic & Register Composition c. 0–394
- Ethiopian Ge'ez Manuscript & Haräg Illumination c. 500–present
- Andean Woven Graphic Systems c. 600–present
- Hebrew Micrography c. 895–present
- Maghrebi Script (Maghribi Calligraphy of al-Andalus and North Africa) c. 900–present
- Song–Ming Woodblock Book Typography (Songti / Mincho) c. 960–present
- Kamon (Japanese Family Crests) c. 1100–present
- Square Kufic (Bannāʾī) c. 1100–present
- European Heraldry c. 1140–present
- Gothic Blackletter & Fraktur Tradition c. 1180–present
- Mixteca-Puebla Codex Painting c. 1200–1560
- Mongol Bichig Calligraphy & Ugalz Ornament c. 1204–present
- Vyaz (Ornamental Slavonic Lettering) c. 1230–present
- Mithila (Madhubani) Painting c. 1350–present
- Tibetan Woodblock Print Culture (Pecha & Prayer Flags) c. 1410–present
- Kōwhaiwhai & Toi Māori Design 1500–present
- Sápmi Graphic Identity (Duodji & Gákti Colour Code) 1600–present
- Tarot de Marseille Woodcut Cards 1639–present
- Lubok Popular Print 1650–1920
- Adinkra & Kente Symbol Systems 1700–present
- Diné (Navajo) Weaving Design 1700–present
- Northwest Coast Formline Design 1700–present
- Pacific Barkcloth (Tapa) Design 1700–present
- Thai Yantra (Yant) Diagrams 1700–present
- Edo-moji Commercial Lettering (Kanteiryū, Yose-moji, Sumō-ji) 1779–present
- Imagerie d'Épinal & European Bilderbogen 1796–1939
- Urdu Katib Lithography 1837–present
- Fante Asafo Flags (Frankaa) 1850–present
- Celtic Revival Illumination & Lettering 1861–1951
- Lira Popular (Chilean Illustrated Verse Broadsheets) 1866–1930
- Norwegian and Finnish National Romantic Graphics (Munthe & Karelianism) 1880–1922
- Kanga (Swahili Message Cloth) 1886–present
- Nieuwe Kunst (Dutch Art Nouveau) 1892–1914
- Simplicissimus Satirical Style (Munich) 1896–1944
- Mir iskusstva Book Art 1898–1927
- Bògòlanfini Mud Cloth 1900–present
- Guna Mola 1900–present
- Uli & Nsibidi Line and Sign Tradition 1900–present
- Expressionist Woodcut Graphics 1905–1925
- Plakatstil / Sachplakat 1905–1920
- Russian Futurist Book 1910–1920
- Arnhem Land Bark Painting & Rarrk 1912–present
- Hungarian Revolutionary Poster 1912–1919
- Suprematism 1915–1925
- De Stijl 1917–1931
- Wendingen & Amsterdam School Typography 1918–1932
- ROSTA Windows 1919–1922
- Brazilian Modernismo Graphics (Klaxon and the Semana de 22) 1922–1929
- Leningrad Avant-Garde Picture Book 1922–1936
- Peruvian Indigenista Graphics (Amauta and Neo-Peruvian Design) 1923–1945
- Republican Chinese Book Cover Design (Lu Xun & Tao Yuanqing) 1923–1949
- Arab Press Caricature (Rose al-Yusuf to Naji al-Ali) 1925–present
- Isotype Pictorial Statistics 1925–1971
- Filipino Komiks 1929–1999
- Ligne Claire (Franco-Belgian Clear Line) 1929–present
- Chinese Modern Woodcut Movement 1931–1949
- American Four-Colour Comic Book (Golden to Bronze Age) 1934–1993
- Penguin Paperback Design (Three Bands to the Marber Grid) 1935–1972
- Taller de Gráfica Popular 1937–1977
- Literatura de Cordel Woodcut 1940–present
- Ndebele Geometric Painting 1940–present
- Vietnamese Propaganda Poster (Tranh cổ động) 1945–present
- Puerto Rican Silkscreen Poster (DIVEDCO & ICP) 1946–1989
- Escuela Bruguera (Spanish Humour Comics) 1947–1986
- Onitsha Market Pamphlets 1947–1980
- Finnish Bold Print (Marimekko Modernism) 1951–present
- Blue Note Jazz Sleeve Modernism 1956–1967
- Polish Cold War Neon (PRL Neonisation) 1956–1981
- Thaw Modernism (Soviet and Czechoslovak) 1956–1968
- Dazibao (Big-Character Posters) 1957–1980
- British Road Signage (Kinneir & Calvert) 1958–present
- Bossa Nova Sleeve Modernism (César Villela and Elenco) 1960–1968
- Greek Tourism Modernism (EOT) 1960–1974
- Casablanca School Graphic Modernism 1962–1987
- Fluxus Graphics (Maciunas) 1962–1978
- Phototype Expressive Typography (Lubalin & U&lc) 1962–1985
- Rorke's Drift Linocut 1962–1982
- Woodland School (Legend Painting) 1962–present
- Black Panther Party Graphics 1967–1980
- Chilean Unidad Popular & Nueva Canción Graphics 1967–1973
- Atelier Populaire (May '68 Screenprint Poster) 1968
- Gráfica del 68 (Mexican Student Movement Graphics) 1968
- Ultras Graphics (Curva Banners and Tifo) 1968–present
- Underground Comix 1968–1982
- Warli Painting 1970–present
- Australian Poster Collective Screenprints 1971–1994
- Western Desert Iconography 1971–present
- See Red Women's Workshop Feminist Screenprints 1974–1990
- Bitmap & Pixel Graphics 1977–1995
- South African Resistance Poster 1978–1994
- Stencil Street Art 1978–present
- Minjung Woodcut Graphics (Korean People's Art) 1979–1994
- British Style Press (The Face, i-D and Arena) 1980–1990
- Pixação (São Paulo Tag Reto) 1980–present
- Solidarność & Polish Underground Graphics 1980–1989
- Pardhan Gond Painting (Jangarh Kalam) 1981–present
- L'Association and French Alternative Comics 1990–present
- Bitterkomix (Afrikaans Underground Comics) 1992–present
- Hype Streetwear Graphics (Box Logo to Quotation Marks) 1993–present
- Indonesian Woodcut Activism (Taring Padi) 1998–present
- Legible City Wayfinding (Heads-Up Pedestrian Maps) 1999–present
- Yuru-chara (Japanese Local Mascot Design) 2000–present
- Hauntology & Ghost Box Design 2004–present
- Oaxacan Protest Printmaking & Street Graphics (ASARO) 2006–present
- Hipster Artisanal Revival 2007–2018
- GOV.UK Design (GDS Style) 2012–present
- Plain Tobacco Packaging 2012–present
- Brutalist Web Design 2014–present
- Latin American Feminist Protest Graphics (Ni Una Menos and the Green Wave) 2015–present
- Newtro (Korean New-Retro) 2017–present
- Rubber-Hose Revival (Cartoon Mascot Graphics) 2017–present
- Extinction Rebellion Graphics 2018–present
- Sudanese Revolution Graphics (Digital Illustrations and Sit-in Murals) 2018–present
- Chilean Estallido Social Graphics (Revuelta Popular of 2019–20) 2019–2022
- Neo-Brutalism 2020–present