Colour · Key & temperature
Dark ground
Light elements on black or deep fields.
A design choice in Stylogeny’s vocabulary, under colour: what is the colour strategy?
- styles make it
- 129
- as a defining choice
- 12
- as a usual one
- 36
- now and then
- 81
- avoid it
- 9
Styles defined by it 12
For these styles it is one of the choices that make the style.
Bògòlanfini Mud ClothThe mud-dyed cotton cloth of the Bamana and other Malian peoples, in which the ground rather than the motif is painted: cloth dyed yellow with n'gallama leaves is covered around each sign with fermented iron-rich mud, and the unpainted signs are then bleached pale.
Hong Kong Neon & Beiwei Shop-Sign LetteringThe night-time signscape of Hong Kong's Kowloon streets.
Polish Cold War Neon (PRL Neonisation)The neon of People's Poland: after the 1956 thaw a state firm, Reklama, and a planned 'neonisation' set out to make war-ruined Warsaw a European capital of neon.
Afrofuturist DesignA visual language of Black futures that fuses African and diasporic iconography (pyramids and ankhs, Adinkra and Nsibidi glyphs, textile patterning) with spacecraft, cosmic fields and technology.
Warli PaintingThe ritual wall painting of the Warli, an Adivasi people of the northern Sahyadri in Maharashtra, carried onto paper and canvas from the 1970s by Jivya Soma Mashe and others.
Demoscene Graphics (Cracktros, Demos & Text-Mode Art)The graphics of the demoscene, a mainly European community of coders, graphicians and musicians that grew from the intros software crackers added to pirated Commodore 64 and Amiga games in the mid-1980s.
- Black Metal GraphicsThe visual language of black metal, fixed by Norway's second wave in the early 1990s, now worldwide, since the 2010s borrowed by mainstream acts (Szpajdel's Rihanna and Metallica logos, 2016).
Fantasy User Interface (FUI) & Sci-Fi HUDFantasy user interfaces are the screen graphics of films and series: computer screens, holograms and helmet HUDs made to be watched for a few seconds, not used.
Synthwave / OutrunThe retro-futurist look of synthwave music: a 1980s revival that grew from mid-2000s French electro and online synth scenes, took its other name from Sega's arcade racer Out Run (1986) and reached the mainstream with Drive (2011).
Plain Tobacco PackagingA packaging language written into law to strip tobacco of persuasion.
Analog Horror GraphicsA horror genre, mostly on YouTube, that tells its stories through imitation television and home-video graphics rather than actors: emergency-alert screens, station IDs, public-service, educational and instructional tapes, set between the 1960s and early 2000s.
Dark Tech MinimalismThe dark, restrained aesthetic of developer tools and SaaS landing pages since about 2019: near-black grounds, grey type ramps, a neutral grotesque such as Inter, hairline borders, soft radial glows and bento grids of crisp product screenshots.
Styles that often use it 36
A characteristic choice: usual in these styles, though not essential.
Kamon (Japanese Family Crests)Japan's family crests: small one-colour emblems that reduce a plant, animal, tool or pattern to a flat silhouette, mirrored or repeated around a centre, often ringed and drawn with compass and brush.
Fileteado PorteñoA Buenos Aires tradition of ornamental brush painting that began around 1900 on the grey-painted trade carts of Italian immigrant coachbuilders and spread to trucks, colectivo buses, shop signs and gallery panels.
Plakatstil / SachplakatThe German 'object poster' launched by Lucian Bernhard's Priester match poster and printed by Berlin's Hollerbaum & Schmidt.
Art DecoThe glamorous modern style named after the 1925 Paris Exposition des Arts Décoratifs, which disciplined ornament into geometry: sunbursts, chevrons, stepped forms and sleek stylised figures rendered in lacquer-smooth colour with metallic accents.
- Arnhem Land Bark Painting & RarrkPainting in ochres on flattened stringybark by Yolŋu, Kunwinjku, Kuninjku and other clans of Arnhem Land, carrying ceremonial designs into portable form; collected from 1912, painted through art centres since the 1970s.
Basel Object Poster (Swiss Sachplakat)The Swiss descendant of the German object poster, made in Zurich and above all Basel from 1919 to the early 1950s.
- Italian Fascist Graphics (Romanità & Exhibition Photomontage)The visual language of Italian Fascism, which turned modernist means to a cult of Rome and of the Duce.
Hebrew Poster Lettering & Early Israeli State DesignThe commercial and state graphics of the Jewish community in Mandate Palestine and early Israel, made in Tel Aviv from 1934 by designers who had trained in Berlin and Vienna: Franz Krausz, Otte Wallish and the Shamir brothers.
Tiki Pop (Polynesian Pop)The mainland American fantasy of the South Seas, begun by Don the Beachcomber's Hollywood bar (about 1934) and Trader Vic's in Oakland and at its height in the Polynesian restaurants of the 1950s and 60s.
Puerto Rican Silkscreen Poster (DIVEDCO & ICP)The hand-pulled silkscreen poster of Puerto Rico, begun by Irene Delano's workshop in 1946–47 and grown in the government's Division of Community Education (DIVEDCO, 1949) and the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña's print workshop under Lorenzo Homar (1957–73).
Argentine Adventure Historieta (Oesterheld–Breccia)The adult adventure comics of Buenos Aires newsstand magazines, from Misterix (1948) and Oesterheld's Hora Cero (1957) to Skorpio and Fierro; the humour line of Patoruzú, Rico Tipo and Mafalda is another tradition.
- Hurufiyya Calligraphic ModernismA pan-Arab and Iranian modern-art movement, begun by Madiha Omar in the late 1940s, that freed the letters of the Arabic script from text and used them as abstract visual units.
West German Conceptual Film & Culture Poster (Hillmann and Rambow)The art-film and culture poster Hans Hillmann developed from 1953 for the West German distributors Neue Filmkunst and Atlas Film, which his Kassel student Gunter Rambow took with Gerhard Lienemeyer into staged photo posters for theatre, publishers and protest.
British Road Signage (Kinneir & Calvert)The national sign system Jock Kinneir and Margaret Calvert designed for Britain's motorways, first used on the Preston By-pass in 1958, and through the Worboys Committee for all roads from 1 January 1965.
Di Tella Graphic Design (Instituto Torcuato Di Tella)The in-house graphics of Buenos Aires' Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, 1960–1970, led by Juan Carlos Distéfano with Juan Andralis, Rubén Fontana, Norberto Coppola and Carlos Soler.
- Picó Sound-System Painting (Colombian Caribbean)The hand-painted fronts of the picós, the giant sound systems that play dances in the barrios of Barranquilla and Cartagena.
Australian Poster Collective ScreenprintsScreenprinted posters from the political poster collectives and community workshops that spread across Australia from Sydney's Tin Sheds, where Earthworks began in 1971.
- Western Desert IconographyThe acrylic painting movement that took form at Papunya in 1971, when men there painted the Honey Ant Dreaming on the school wall and then on board, carrying an older practice of sand, body and ceremonial designs into lasting form. 'Western Desert' is an umbrella name: the movement also includes Warlpiri, Anmatyerre and Arrernte painters of the Central Desert.
Métal hurlant Science-Fiction Comics (Mœbius, Druillet & Les Humanoïdes Associés)The adult science-fiction comics of Métal hurlant, the Paris magazine founded in 1974 by Mœbius, Philippe Druillet, Jean-Pierre Dionnet and Bernard Farkas.
Bitmap & Pixel GraphicsGraphics and lettering built from the square pixels of low-resolution screens (arcade and console sprites, home-computer displays and the first graphical user interfaces), where every dot was placed by hand within tight limits of memory, resolution and palette.
- Post-Punk Record Sleeve (Stiff, Factory, 4AD)The record sleeves that British art-school designers made after punk, for independent labels and some majors: Barney Bubbles at Stiff, Malcolm Garrett for Buzzcocks, Peter Saville at Factory and 23 Envelope at 4AD.
NSK Retro-Avant-GardeThe retro-avant-garde of Neue Slowenische Kunst, founded in Ljubljana in 1984 by Laibach, IRWIN and the Scipion Nasice Sisters Theatre, with Novi kolektivizem as its design department.
ACT UP & Gran Fury AIDS Activist GraphicsThe graphics of New York's AIDS activist movement: the SILENCE=DEATH poster of 1987, a pink triangle above white capitals on black, and the posters, stickers, T-shirts, billboards and bus ads of Gran Fury (1988–1995), ACT UP's 'unofficial propaganda ministry'.
Rave & Acid House GraphicsThe pocket-sized promotional art of acid house, rave and early techno, handed out in record shops and car parks to advertise all-night parties.
Ghanaian Funeral Poster & BannerThe printed death announcements of southern Ghana, also found elsewhere in West Africa: colour posters, mostly A2, pasted on walls, trees, poles and vehicles, and by the mid-2010s large PVC banners hung at the family house.
Grunge TypographyThe 1990s magazine and music-industry style in which type was layered, eroded, overlapped and cropped until legibility became negotiable.
- Nigerian Pentecostal Crusade Poster & BillboardThe roadside adverts of Nigeria's Pentecostal and independent churches: billboards, banners and posters on poles, walls and bridges announcing crusades, revivals, conventions and night vigils.
Torres Strait Islander LinocutRelief prints by Torres Strait Islander artists of Zenadth Kes, which grew from an Indigenous visual art course at Cairns College of TAFE by 1991 and the Mualgau Minaral collective on Mua (Moa) Island.
Early Web VernacularThe amateur web of the mid-1990s to early 2000s, when millions of people hand-coded personal homepages on free hosts such as GeoCities with table layouts, browser-default fonts, tiled backgrounds, animated GIFs, MIDI soundtracks, hit counters and ‘under construction’ signs.
- Hong Kong Protest Art (Umbrella Movement to the 2019–20 Protests)The graphics of Hong Kong's democracy protests, from the 2014 Umbrella Movement to the national security law of 2020, in two linked media.
Acid Graphics / New UglyA late-2010s club and poster style that updates 1990s rave graphics with modern 3D tools: liquid-chrome and melting lettering, neo-tribal spikes, wireframes, op-art patterns and acid-green palettes on black, mixed with blackletter and stretched grotesques.
- Front-of-Pack Warning Octagons (Latin American Food Warning Seals)A state warning system stacked on commercial food packs.
Kinetic Typography & Variable TypeTypography as the moving image: letterforms that stretch, squash, rotate and morph along variable-font axes, loop seamlessly and cut to the beat of music, used for identities, social-media posters and digital out-of-home screens.
- Lo-fi Anime AestheticThe look of YouTube's 24/7 lo-fi hip hop streams.
Weirdcore & DreamcoreAn internet aesthetic popularised on Reddit, TikTok and YouTube in the early 2020s, with dreamcore as its softer, pastel, cloud-filled sister.
Black Lives Matter Street MuralsA single protest slogan painted along the roadway in capitals 20 to 35 feet tall, filling the street from kerb to kerb, so it reads whole only from rooftops, drones and helicopters.
Styles that use it now and then 81
An occasional choice in these styles.
- Amazigh Sign System & Tifinaghc. 0–present
- Chinese Calligraphy & Seal Carving (Shufa & Zhuanke)c. 0–present
- Andean Woven Graphic Systemsc. 600–present
- Gothic Blackletter & Fraktur Traditionc. 1180–present
- Vyaz (Ornamental Slavonic Lettering)c. 1230–present
- Ottoman Tughra & Dîvânî Chancery Calligraphyc. 1324–present
- Zoomorphic & Figural Calligraphy (Islamic Calligrams)1500–present
- Batik Pattern Tradition1600–present
- Sápmi Graphic Identity (Duodji & Gákti Colour Code)1600–present
- Thai Yantra (Yant) Diagrams1700–present
- Edo-moji Commercial Lettering (Kanteiryū, Yose-moji, Sumō-ji)1779–present
- Fante Asafo Flags (Frankaa)1850–present
- Celtic Revival Illumination & Lettering1861–1951
- Belle Époque Lithographic Poster1866–1914
- African Wax & Fancy Print1880–present
- Kanga (Swahili Message Cloth)1886–present
- Glasgow Style1890–1914
- Simplicissimus Satirical Style (Munich)1896–1944
- Guna Mola1900–present
- Uli & Nsibidi Line and Sign Tradition1900–present
- London Transport Design1908–1966
- Surrealist Graphics1924–1960
- Australian Travel Poster (ANTA Era)1929–1959
- Ligne Claire (Franco-Belgian Clear Line)1929–present
- AIZ Political Photomontage (Heartfield)1930–1938
- Chinese Modern Woodcut Movement1931–1949
- American Four-Colour Comic Book (Golden to Bronze Age)1934–1993
- Penguin Paperback Design (Three Bands to the Marber Grid)1935–1972
- Hand-Painted Bollywood Poster1940–1999
- UPA & Cartoon Modern1944–1960
- Googie & Atomic Age1945–1965
- Machine-Age Simplified Arabic Type1947–present
- French Post-War Visual-Gag Poster (Savignac, Villemot, Morvan)1948–1979
- Japanese Postwar Modernism1950–1990
- Polish Poster School1950–1990
- Finnish Bold Print (Marimekko Modernism)1951–present
- Zagreb Modernist Graphics (EXAT 51 to Teatar &TD)1951–1975
- Zagreb School of Animated Film1954–1980
- Blue Note Jazz Sleeve Modernism1956–1967
- Chinese National-Style Animation (Shanghai Animation Film Studio)1956–1989
- Thaw Modernism (Soviet and Czechoslovak)1956–1968
- Turkish Modernist Poster & Graphic Design1959–2000
- Greek Tourism Modernism (EOT)1960–1974
- Iranian Modernist Graphic Design1960–present
- Fluxus Graphics (Maciunas)1962–1978
- Baybayin Revival Graphics1963–present
- Total Design & Dutch Functionalism1963–1990
- Hong Kong East–West Graphic Modernism1964–present
- Soviet Central Asian Ornamental Modernism1966–1999
- Atelier Populaire (May '68 Screenprint Poster)1968
- Hipgnosis Photographic Concept Sleeve1968–1983
- ECM Sleeve Aesthetic (Munich)1969–present
- Grapus (French Militant Graphic Collective)1970–1990
- Kinshasa Popular Painting1970–present
- Roman-like Thai Typography (modern loopless Thai)1973–present
- Roots Reggae Sleeve Art & Rasta Iconography1973–1985
- Chicha Poster1980–present
- Pardhan Gond Painting (Jangarh Kalam)1981–present
- L'Association and French Alternative Comics1990–present
- Matatu & Nganya Art1990–present
- Screenprinted Gig & Alt-Movie Poster1991–present
- Nollywood Video Jacket & Film Poster1992–present
- Indian Pop-Kitsch Design (Desi Kitsch)1997–present
- Korean Commercial Calligraphy (Kaelligeurapi)1999–present
- Glitch Art & Datamosh Graphics2001–present
- Korean Webtoon Graphics2002–present
- Modern Calligraphy and Brush Lettering2005–present
- Hipster Artisanal Revival2007–2018
- Lucerne Poster Scene (Neubad & Südpol Posters)2007–present
- Syrian Revolution Graphics (Kafranbel Banners & Poster Collectives)2011–2024
- Vaporwave2011–2017
- YouTube Thumbnail Style (the 'YouTube Face')2012–present
- Material Design2014–present
- Latin American Feminist Protest Graphics (Ni Una Menos and the Green Wave)2015–present
- Illustrated Rom-Com Book Cover (Cartoon Couple Cover)2016–present
- VTuber Avatar and Stream Graphics2016–present
- Guochao (China-Chic National Trend)2018–present
- Post-Binary Typography (Bye Bye Binary and Inclusive French Type)2018–present
- Neumorphism2019–2021
- Glassmorphism2020–present
- Instagram Slideshow Activism (Social-Justice Infographics)2020–present
It often goes with
Choices that the styles making it make more often than the atlas as a whole.
- Extreme scale contrastin 75 of 129
- Gradientsin 45 of 129
- Isolated objectin 82 of 129
- Full bleedin 56 of 129
- Single focal pointin 94 of 129
- Treated photographyin 36 of 129
Styles that avoid it
Styles that deliberately leave it out.
- Burmese Parabaik Painting (Konbaung Folding Books)1752–1885
- Estado Novo Folk Modernism (SPN)1933–1949
- Arab Children's Comic Magazines (Samir to Majid)1956–present
- Kinngait (Cape Dorset) Inuit Printmaking1957–present
- Bossa Nova Sleeve Modernism (César Villela and Elenco)1960–1968
- Kawaii Design1970–present
- Japanese Dense Web Design1999–present
- Data Humanism2014–present
- Corporate Memphis2017–present