Layout & composition · Framing
Full bleed
Image or colour runs off every edge; no protective margins.
A design choice in Stylogeny’s vocabulary, under layout & composition: how is the picture plane organised?
- styles make it
- 126
- as a defining choice
- 7
- as a usual one
- 80
- now and then
- 39
- avoid it
- 13
Styles defined by it 7
For these styles it is one of the choices that make the style.
- YouTube Thumbnail Style (the 'YouTube Face')The custom thumbnail of YouTube's creator economy: a 16:9 still made to be read at fingernail size in a feed of recommendations.
- 'Good Morning' Greeting Images (WhatsApp Forward Vernacular)The ready-made greeting pictures that millions of smartphone users, many of them older and new to the internet, forward to family, friends and groups each morning on WhatsApp, above all in India and Brazil.
Styles that often use it 80
A characteristic choice: usual in these styles, though not essential.
- AIZ Political Photomontage (Heartfield)The political photomontage John Heartfield made for the communist weekly AIZ from 1930 to 1938, in Berlin and, from 1933, in Prague exile.
- Nippon Kōbō & Tōhōsha Photo-Propaganda Magazines (NIPPON & FRONT)Luxury photo-propaganda magazines that imperial Japan sent abroad, 1934–45.
- Vietnamese Propaganda Poster (Tranh cổ động)The state poster art of Vietnam from the 1945 August Revolution to today.
- Greek Tourism Modernism (EOT)The modernist image of Greece made for the National Tourism Organisation (EOT) by Michalis Katzourakis, its art adviser in 1960-1967, and by Frederick Carabott, who advised it until 1967; in 1962 the two also founded the K&K Athens Advertising Centre.
- Black Panther Party GraphicsThe visual language of the Black Panther Party, created largely by its Minister of Culture, Emory Douglas, for the weekly newspaper The Black Panther.
- Ultras Graphics (Curva Banners and Tifo)The graphic language of Italy's organised football supporters, the ultras, from the late 1960s, and of the groups that copied them across Europe, North Africa and beyond.
- Grapus (French Militant Graphic Collective)The posters and identities of Grapus, a Paris collective founded in 1970 by Communist Party members who had met in the 1968 poster workshops.
- Western Desert IconographyThe acrylic painting movement that took form at Papunya in 1971, when men there painted the Honey Ant Dreaming on the school wall and then on board, carrying an older practice of sand, body and ceremonial designs into lasting form. 'Western Desert' is an umbrella name: the movement also includes Warlpiri, Anmatyerre and Arrernte painters of the Central Desert.
- Roots Reggae Sleeve Art & Rasta IconographyThe record sleeves of roots reggae, from Catch a Fire (1973) until dancehall took over in the 1980s.
- Post-Punk Record Sleeve (Stiff, Factory, 4AD)The record sleeves that British art-school designers made after punk, for independent labels and some majors: Barney Bubbles at Stiff, Malcolm Garrett for Buzzcocks, Peter Saville at Factory and 23 Envelope at 4AD.
- Chicha PosterFluorescent screen-printed street posters that emerged in the 1980s to promote chicha (Andean cumbia) concerts in Lima, made by printers from Andean migrant communities.
- Black Metal GraphicsThe visual language of black metal, fixed by Norway's second wave in the early 1990s, now worldwide, since the 2010s borrowed by mainstream acts (Szpajdel's Rihanna and Metallica logos, 2016).
- Nigerian Pentecostal Crusade Poster & BillboardThe roadside adverts of Nigeria's Pentecostal and independent churches: billboards, banners and posters on poles, walls and bridges announcing crusades, revivals, conventions and night vigils.
- Nollywood Video Jacket & Film PosterThe cover and poster art of Nigeria's home-video boom, from Living in Bondage (1992) on.
- Indonesian Woodcut Activism (Taring Padi)The protest graphics of Taring Padi, the collective founded by students and activists in Yogyakarta in 1998 as Suharto fell, and of the punk and activist woodcut scenes around it.
- Tamil Nadu Flex BannersThe digitally printed vinyl boards, locally called flex banners, that fan clubs, party cadres, businesses and families have put up along the roads of Tamil Nadu since about 2000, as flex displaced hand-painted cinema banners and cut-outs over the following decade.
- Cartonera Books (Latin American Cardboard Publishing)Books of Latin America's cartonera presses, begun by Eloísa Cartonera in Buenos Aires in 2003 after Argentina's 2001 crash: photocopied texts stapled and glued by hand into covers cut from used boxes, usually bought from cartoneros (waste pickers) above the market price.
- Internet Ugly & Meme VernacularA deliberately amateur image dialect of forums, imageboards and social feeds, named 'Internet Ugly' by Nick Douglas in 2014.
- Frutiger AeroThe glossy, optimistic look of consumer technology from the mid-2000s to the early 2010s, retrospectively named in 2017 by the Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute after Windows Vista's Aero interface and Adrian Frutiger's humanist sans.
- Danmaku Bullet-Comment OverlayThe bullet-comment layer of Japanese and Chinese video sites, begun on Niconico in December 2006 and taken up by AcFun and Bilibili in 2008–2009.
- Oaxacan Protest Printmaking & Street Graphics (ASARO)The street graphics of Oaxaca City since the 2006 teachers' strike and APPO uprising, when ASARO, the stencil collective Lapiztola and later workshops such as Colectivo Subterráneos made the colonial centre's walls a newspaper.
- Hong Kong Protest Art (Umbrella Movement to the 2019–20 Protests)The graphics of Hong Kong's democracy protests, from the 2014 Umbrella Movement to the national security law of 2020, in two linked media.
- Lo-fi Anime AestheticThe look of YouTube's 24/7 lo-fi hip hop streams.
Styles that use it now and then 39
An occasional choice in these styles.
- Ukiyo-e Woodblock Prints1670–1900
- Hand-Painted Signage & Vernacular Lettering1800–present
- Japonisme1860–1910
- London Transport Design1908–1966
- Hungarian Revolutionary Poster1912–1919
- De Stijl1917–1931
- Basel Object Poster (Swiss Sachplakat)1919–1955
- Surrealist Graphics1924–1960
- Egyptian Painted Film Poster1932–1996
- American Four-Colour Comic Book (Golden to Bronze Age)1934–1993
- Tiki Pop (Polynesian Pop)1934–present
- Taller de Gráfica Popular1937–1977
- Bengali Modernist Book Cover (Prachchhad)1943–present
- Drum Magazine & Sophiatown Photojournalism1951–1965
- Arab Children's Comic Magazines (Samir to Majid)1956–present
- Situationist Détournement Graphics1956–1972
- Shōjo Manga (Japanese Girls' Comics)1958–present
- Casablanca School Graphic Modernism1962–1987
- Chicano Screenprint Poster1965–present
- Amar Chitra Katha Comics1967–present
- Kinshasa Popular Painting1970–present
- Graffiti & Hip-Hop Graphics1972–present
- Roman-like Thai Typography (modern loopless Thai)1973–present
- Ethiopian Revolutionary Poster (Derg Era)1974–1991
- La Movida Madrileña Graphics1977–1988
- Jamaican Dancehall Signs & Sleeve Art1980–present
- Ghanaian Movie Poster1985–2005
- Screenprinted Gig & Alt-Movie Poster1991–present
- Superflat1993–present
- South African Vernacular Design (Ijusi)1995–present
- Korean Webtoon Graphics2002–present
- Contemporary Chinese Book Design ('Most Beautiful Books of China')2003–present
- Neo-Swiss Revival2005–present
- Natural Wine Label Art2007–present
- Newsroom Data Graphics & Scrollytelling2009–present
- Slow-Living Editorial (the Kinfolk Look)2011–present
- Plain Tobacco Packaging2012–present
- Material Design2014–present
- Woman, Life, Freedom Protest Graphics (Iran and the Diaspora)2022–present
It often goes with
Choices that the styles making it make more often than the atlas as a whole.
- Naturalistic depictionin 71 of 126
- Extreme scale contrastin 76 of 126
- Offset printingin 76 of 126
- Treated photographyin 44 of 126
- Gradientsin 50 of 126
- Single focal pointin 99 of 126
Styles that avoid it
Styles that deliberately leave it out.
- Armenian Manuscript Illuminationc. 862–1800
- Persian Miniature (Ilkhanid, Timurid and Safavid Book Painting)c. 1300–1700
- Persian Nastaʿlīq Calligraphy (Qiṭʿa, Chalipa and Siyāh-mashq)c. 1400–present
- Javanese Wayang Kulit (Tatah Sungging)1500–present
- Emblem Book (Motto, Picture & Epigram)1531–1724
- Burmese Parabaik Painting (Konbaung Folding Books)1752–1885
- Kalighat Pat & Battala Bazaar Prints1830–1930
- Kanga (Swahili Message Cloth)1886–present
- Lianhuanhua Picture-Story Books1925–1990
- Kinngait (Cape Dorset) Inuit Printmaking1957–present
- Madinah Mushaf (King Fahd Complex Qur'an Page)1985–present
- Emoji Pictographic Language1997–present
- Japanese Dense Web Design1999–present