Colour · Key & temperature
Earth & mineral
Ochres, umbers, olive, terracotta, indigo.
A design choice in Stylogeny’s vocabulary, under colour: what is the colour strategy?
- styles make it
- 96
- as a defining choice
- 18
- as a usual one
- 35
- now and then
- 43
- avoid it
- 21
Styles defined by it 18
For these styles it is one of the choices that make the style.
Amazigh Sign System & TifinaghThe visual language shared by Amazigh communities from the Rif, Atlas and Kabylie to the Aurès and the Tuareg Sahara.
- Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic & Register CompositionThe visual system of pharaonic Egypt, in which writing is made of pictures and pictures are ruled like writing.
Andean Woven Graphic SystemsThe graphic systems of Andean cloth, the region's most prestigious medium, in which every motif is built on the warp-and-weft grid.
Ma & Wabi-sabi AestheticsA Japanese aesthetic rooted in Zen and the wabi tea ceremony that prizes austerity, imperfection, impermanence and the charged interval (ma) between things.
Batik Pattern TraditionThe Javanese wax-resist textile tradition in which hot wax is drawn with a canting or stamped with a copper cap, then dyed in successive baths to build layered all-over patterns.
- Đông Hồ & Hàng Trống Folk PrintsVietnam's two classic folk-print schools, bought for Tết. Đông Hồ families press each colour from its own carved block onto giấy điệp, dó paper brushed with ground scallop shell whose streaked, faintly sparkling surface serves as the white, and print the black line last.
Diné (Navajo) Weaving DesignThe tapestry-woven design tradition of Diné (Navajo) weavers, recorded in Spanish sources from the early 18th century.
Pacific Barkcloth (Tapa) DesignBarkcloth beaten from paper-mulberry inner bark and decorated across Polynesia and Fiji for gift exchange at weddings, funerals and chiefly investitures.
Nieuwe Kunst (Dutch Art Nouveau)The Dutch branch of Art Nouveau, seen mostly in book covers, vignettes and posters.
Bògòlanfini Mud ClothThe mud-dyed cotton cloth of the Bamana and other Malian peoples, in which the ground rather than the motif is painted: cloth dyed yellow with n'gallama leaves is covered around each sign with fermented iron-rich mud, and the unpainted signs are then bleached pale.
Santiniketan & Bengal School GraphicsThe nationalist, anti-academic art of Calcutta and Santiniketan, which turned from oil-paint naturalism and chromolithograph gloss to Indian and pan-Asian sources.
Cubist Pictorial SpaceThe pictorial revolution of Picasso and Braque that shattered single-point perspective into overlapping, faceted planes seen from several viewpoints at once.
- Arnhem Land Bark Painting & RarrkPainting in ochres on flattened stringybark by Yolŋu, Kunwinjku, Kuninjku and other clans of Arnhem Land, carrying ceremonial designs into portable form; collected from 1912, painted through art centres since the 1970s.
Tiki Pop (Polynesian Pop)The mainland American fantasy of the South Seas, begun by Don the Beachcomber's Hollywood bar (about 1934) and Trader Vic's in Oakland and at its height in the Polynesian restaurants of the 1950s and 60s.
Warli PaintingThe ritual wall painting of the Warli, an Adivasi people of the northern Sahyadri in Maharashtra, carried onto paper and canvas from the 1970s by Jivya Soma Mashe and others.
- Western Desert IconographyThe acrylic painting movement that took form at Papunya in 1971, when men there painted the Honey Ant Dreaming on the school wall and then on board, carrying an older practice of sand, body and ceremonial designs into lasting form. 'Western Desert' is an umbrella name: the movement also includes Warlpiri, Anmatyerre and Arrernte painters of the Central Desert.
Global Village CoffeehouseThe faux-naive, earth-toned illustration style that late-1980s American designers set against Memphis, and that chain cafés, bookstores, packaging and clip art spread through the 1990s.
Plain Tobacco PackagingA packaging language written into law to strip tobacco of persuasion.
Styles that often use it 35
A characteristic choice: usual in these styles, though not essential.
- Ethiopian Ge'ez Manuscript & Haräg IlluminationThe manuscript art of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, written in the Ge'ez syllabary on parchment from the Garima Gospels (radiocarbon-dated to roughly the 4th–7th centuries) to the present.
- Hebrew MicrographyA Jewish scribal art in which lines of minute Hebrew script, usually the Masoretic notes that guard the biblical text, are written so that the line itself draws: interlaced frames and star rosettes on full carpet pages, and animals, knights, fish and grotesques in the margins.
- Maghrebi Script (Maghribi Calligraphy of al-Andalus and North Africa)The family of Arabic scripts of al-Andalus and North Africa, descended from early Kufic bookhands.
- Square Kufic (Bannāʾī)Square Kufic builds Arabic script on a square grid: straight lines and right angles only, with every stroke as wide as the gap beside it.
Mixteca-Puebla Codex PaintingThe painted screenfold books of Postclassic southern and central Mexico (not the Maya codices): long strips of gesso-coated deerskin, folded like a screen and painted on both sides.
Mithila (Madhubani) PaintingWomen's ritual wall and floor painting from Mithila in north Bihar and Nepal's Terai, attested from at least the 14th century, seen by W.
- Kōwhaiwhai & Toi Māori DesignToi Māori, the visual arts of the tangata whenua of Aotearoa, of which kōwhaiwhai, the painted scroll patterns of paddles and meeting-house rafters, is the most graphic strand.
Adinkra & Kente Symbol SystemsThe Akan textile languages of Ghana.
- Northwest Coast Formline DesignThe two-dimensional design system of the northern Northwest Coast nations, painted, carved and woven onto boxes, house fronts, robes and hats, and printed as serigraphs since the 1960s.
Arts & Crafts MovementA British-led reform movement that answered industrial shoddiness with honest handcraft, medieval models and the ideal of joy in labour.
JaponismeThe Western absorption of Japanese woodblock prints, textiles and crafts after Japan reopened to trade in the 1850s.
- Norwegian and Finnish National Romantic Graphics (Munthe & Karelianism)The flat, decorative branch of Norway's and Finland's national romanticism, which turned Viking carving, the sagas, the Kalevala and old peasant weaving into modern ornament.
Mir iskusstva Book ArtThe graphic idiom of the St Petersburg World of Art circle (journal 1898–1904, exhibitions until Paris 1927) and the book artists around it.
Uli & Nsibidi Line and Sign TraditionTwo linked graphic languages of southeastern Nigeria.
Russian Futurist BookThe cheap, small-run books of the Russian Cubo-Futurist poets and painters, from Kruchenykh and Khlebnikov to Goncharova, Larionov and Rozanova.
Wendingen & Amsterdam School TypographyThe graphic language of Wendingen (1918–1932), monthly of the Amsterdam architects' society Architectura et Amicitia, and its editor H.
Republican Chinese Book Cover Design (Lu Xun & Tao Yuanqing)The covers of China's New Literature.
Australian Travel Poster (ANTA Era)The pictorial posters that the Australian National Travel Association (ANTA, 1929), state tourist bureaux, railways and shipping lines commissioned to sell Australia abroad and at home.
Estado Novo Folk Modernism (SPN)The official image of Salazar's Estado Novo, shaped by António Ferro's Secretariado de Propaganda Nacional (SPN, 1933; SNI from 1944).
WPA Silkscreen PostersPosters made by the Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration to promote health campaigns, education, theatre, travel and the national parks during the Depression.
Bengali Modernist Book Cover (Prachchhad)A literary book-jacket culture that began at Calcutta's Signet Press in 1943, where Satyajit Ray and later Purnendu Pattrea made the hand-drawn Bengali title the main image of the cover.
- Hurufiyya Calligraphic ModernismA pan-Arab and Iranian modern-art movement, begun by Madiha Omar in the late 1940s, that freed the letters of the Arabic script from text and used them as abstract visual units.
Zagreb School of Animated FilmThe modernist animation of Zagreb Film's Studio for Animated Film, grown from reduced-animation advertisements of 1954-1955 and named the 'Zagreb school' by Georges Sadoul and André Martin after Cannes 1958.
Iranian Modernist Graphic DesignIranian graphic design came of age in the 1960s and 1970s.
Woodland School (Legend Painting)A school of painting from northwestern Ontario, made public when Norval Morrisseau showed at Toronto's Pollock Gallery in 1962 and carried on by Ojibwe, Odawa, Oji-Cree and Cree artists such as Daphne Odjig and Carl Ray.
Soviet Central Asian Ornamental ModernismThe monumental art of Soviet Central Asia after the 1966 Tashkent earthquake: a strand of Socialist Realism mixed with Islamic and national ornament.
- Roots Reggae Sleeve Art & Rasta IconographyThe record sleeves of roots reggae, from Catch a Fire (1973) until dancehall took over in the 1980s.
Grunge TypographyThe 1990s magazine and music-industry style in which type was layered, eroded, overlapped and cropped until legibility became negotiable.
Skeuomorphic UIInterface design that imitates physical materials and objects (stitched leather, linen, wooden shelves, brushed aluminium, felt, paper and glass) so that digital tools look and behave like their real-world counterparts.
- Cartonera Books (Latin American Cardboard Publishing)Books of Latin America's cartonera presses, begun by Eloísa Cartonera in Buenos Aires in 2003 after Argentina's 2001 crash: photocopied texts stapled and glued by hand into covers cut from used boxes, usually bought from cartoneros (waste pickers) above the market price.
- Contemporary Chinese Book Design ('Most Beautiful Books of China')Chinese book design since 2003, when Shanghai founded the yearly 'Most Beautiful Books of China' award, whose winners go on to Leipzig.
Hipster Artisanal RevivalThe trade-mark look of the 2007–2018 craft boom, which dressed new coffee roasters, breweries and stationers as nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century firms.
Egyptian Revolutionary Street Art (Mohamed Mahmoud Murals)The street art of Egypt's 2011 revolution and the years after it, when Cairo's walls, above all around Tahrir and Mohamed Mahmoud Street, became what Ammar Abo Bakr called a newspaper.
Slow-Living Editorial (the Kinfolk Look)The look of Kinfolk, the slow-living quarterly founded in Portland in 2011 and run from Copenhagen since 2015, and of the indie lifestyle titles and Instagram feeds that copied it.
SolarpunkHopeful eco-futurist imagery born online.
Styles that use it now and then 43
An occasional choice in these styles.
- Sápmi Graphic Identity (Duodji & Gákti Colour Code)1600–present
- Ten Bamboo Studio Colour Woodblock (Douban & Gonghua)1626–present
- Ukiyo-e Woodblock Prints1670–1900
- Burmese Parabaik Painting (Konbaung Folding Books)1752–1885
- Chaekgeori & Minhwa Screen Painting1776–present
- Spanish Bullfight Poster (Cartel Taurino)1879–present
- Bezalel School1906–1929
- Hungarian Revolutionary Poster1912–1919
- Estridentismo (Stridentist) Graphics1921–1927
- Italian Fascist Graphics (Romanità & Exhibition Photomontage)1921–1943
- Surrealist Graphics1924–1960
- Early Turkish Republican Graphic Design1925–1960
- Harlem Renaissance Graphic Art1925–1940
- Isotype Pictorial Statistics1925–1971
- Mexican Calendar Chromo (Cromos calendáricos)1930–1970
- Scandinavian Functionalism1930–present
- Hebrew Poster Lettering & Early Israeli State Design1934–1974
- Spanish Civil War Poster1936–1939
- Taller de Gráfica Popular1937–1977
- Ndebele Geometric Painting1940–present
- Puerto Rican Silkscreen Poster (DIVEDCO & ICP)1946–1989
- Polish Poster School1950–1990
- Cairo–Beirut Arab Modernist Book & Periodical Design1952–1990
- Indian Institutional Modernism (NID)1961–1990
- Casablanca School Graphic Modernism1962–1987
- Fluxus Graphics (Maciunas)1962–1978
- Baybayin Revival Graphics1963–present
- Palestinian Resistance Poster1965–1993
- Hipgnosis Photographic Concept Sleeve1968–1983
- ECM Sleeve Aesthetic (Munich)1969–present
- Métal hurlant Science-Fiction Comics (Mœbius, Druillet & Les Humanoïdes Associés)1974–1987
- Post-Punk Record Sleeve (Stiff, Factory, 4AD)1977–1990
- Pardhan Gond Painting (Jangarh Kalam)1981–present
- Hype Streetwear Graphics (Box Logo to Quotation Marks)1993–present
- Hauntology & Ghost Box Design2004–present
- Natural Wine Label Art2007–present
- Polish Information Picture Book (Dwie Siostry)2008–present
- Syrian Revolution Graphics (Kafranbel Banners & Poster Collectives)2011–2024
- DTC 'Blanding' / Millennial Minimalism2012–2022
- Lo-fi Anime Aesthetic2017–present
- Book Blob (Abstract Colour-Blob Literary Fiction Cover)2019–2023
- Instagram Slideshow Activism (Social-Justice Infographics)2020–present
- Ukrainian Wartime Graphics (Saint Javelin, War Stamps and Be Brave Like Ukraine)2022–present
It often goes with
Choices that the styles making it make more often than the atlas as a whole.
- Folk & sacred symbolsin 56 of 96
- Spiritual & sacredin 49 of 96
- Line illustrationin 59 of 96
- Angular & zigzagin 34 of 96
- Calm & contemplativein 30 of 96
- Geometric tessellationin 26 of 96
Styles that avoid it
Styles that deliberately leave it out.
- Googie & Atomic Age1945–1965
- Hong Kong Neon & Beiwei Shop-Sign Lettering1950–present
- Pop Art Graphics1955–1975
- Picó Sound-System Painting (Colombian Caribbean)1967–present
- Pop Achorado (Peruvian Agrarian Reform Posters)1969–1975
- Kawaii Design1970–present
- Chicha Poster1980–present
- Memphis Design1981–1988
- Techno-Futurist Graphics1986–2002
- Rave & Acid House Graphics1988–2000
- Y2K Futurism1997–2005
- Fantasy User Interface (FUI) & Sci-Fi HUD1999–present
- Frutiger Aero2004–2013
- Neo-Andean Architecture (Cholets)2005–present
- Synthwave / Outrun2006–present
- Vaporwave2011–2017
- Acid Graphics / New Ugly2016–present
- VTuber Avatar and Stream Graphics2016–present
- Post-Binary Typography (Bye Bye Binary and Inclusive French Type)2018–present
- Dark Tech Minimalism2019–present
- Glassmorphism2020–present