Cuban Tobacco Lithography (Habilitaciones & Marquillas)

• Dress the product as a matched set, not a single label: carry the brand name, emblem and colours across the vista inside the lid, the bofetón over the cigars, the edge strips, the seals and the band on each cigar.
• Prove quality with borrowed authority: crowd exposition medals, royal and civic arms, 'Marca Registrada' and a maker's guarantee around the brand name, and raise the medals in gold by bronzing and embossing.
• Hold everything in frames within frames: a patterned outer border, oval and shield cartouches for portraits and views, banners and scrolls for the name, with the brand lettered large on the central axis and an allegory, portrait or view on either side.
• Paint the pictures naturally in many lithographic inks with tonal skies and flesh: allegorical women, statesmen and poets, the factory and its medals, Havana harbour and El Morro, palms and tobacco fields.
• Mix lettering freely on one label: shaded and outlined display capitals for the brand, spaced capitals for the registration and quality lines, and an italic script for the maker's guarantee, all drawn on the stone.
• On a cigarette wrapper, tell a story in instalments: put a theatrical scene in the centre with a caption in street speech, an allegorical L-shaped border along the top and left, and the firm's emblem on the right, and title it as one piece of a numbered series to collect.

Havana, Cuba: lithographic workshops serving the cigar and cigarette factories, among them La Honradez's own press and, from 1907, the Compañía Litográfica de La Habana; some labels for Havana brands were printed in Germany and the United States

1. Yadira Calzadilla Riveira, 'The Cigarette Marquillas: Graphic Expressions of the Cuban National Identity Formation', VISUAL Review 7(2), 2020, pp. 173-184, doi:10.37467/gka-revvisual.v7.2490 (one-ink lithographed papeletas in the first cigar boxes, p. 175; the habilitación set regulated in 1884 and its parts; multi-ink lithography on cigar boxes from the 1880s, gold leaf and die-stamped relief from 1890; chromolithography introduced on cigarette packs in 1860 by José Susini; marquilla layout of orla, emblema and escena; La Honradez emblem a blindfolded Justice on the globe, p. 176; Bermúdez, La imagen constante, 2000, p. 12, on letters and ornaments influencing type founders and sign painters, quoted p. 176; Tapia Rivera 1867, p. 48, on two draughtsmen and a steam-driven chromolithographic press, quoted p. 178; La Charanga de Villergas 'de Llaguno y Compañía', p. 179; series titles; BNE collection of 937 marquillas): https://visualreview.net/revVISUAL/article/view/2490
2. Asiel Sepúlveda, 'Humor and Social Hygiene in Havana's Nineteenth-Century Cigarette Marquillas', Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 14(3), Autumn 2015 (marquillas about 12 x 8.5 cm; La Honradez chromolithographic presses after 1861; Para Usted and La Charanga de Villergas; Landaluze's collaboration with Villergas; captions in vernacular and bozal speech): https://19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn15/sepulveda-on-havana-19th-century-cigarette-marquillas
3. Joaquín Díaz and Teresa Pérez Daniel, El humo impreso: marquillas cigarreras, vistas, bocetones, vitolas y anillas (Fundación Joaquín Díaz, Valladolid, 2014), exhibition catalogue of the Teresa Pérez Daniel collection (first lithographed cigar labels 1845-1850; Allones and Susini as pioneers of habilitaciones; first chromolithographic machine 1861; formation of the Compañía Litográfica de La Habana in 1907; labels by Casten & Suhling, Gebrüder Klingenberg, American Lithographic Co. and Calvert Lithographic Co.): https://www.funjdiaz.net/imagenes/expos/humo/1404humo_impreso.pdf
4. Habanos S.A., 'Dressing the box' (cubierta, vista, filete, papeleta, bofetón, anilla, larguero, costero, tapaclavo; vistas with gold, embossing, medals and royal arms; all labels applied by hand): https://www.habanos.com/en/dressing-the-box/
5. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, Cigar Label, El Gran Mundo (The Great World), 1898-1920, 1975-74-2-21, lithograph with embossed bronze (possibly gold) powder and adhesive on rag paper; public-domain image with the museum's metadata: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cigar_Label,_El_Gran_Mundo_(The_Great_World),_1898%E2%80%931920_(CH_18488753).jpg (the former object page, https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18488753, now redirects to the Smithsonian's Cooper Hewitt landing page)
6. Cincinnati Art Museum, Cuban (cigar box label), early 20th century, Cole Litho Co. (American), colour lithograph with embossing: https://collection.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/objects/51760/cuban-cigar-box-label
7. 'La Honradez, fábrica de tabacos de Susini e Hijo', reprint of an article from Aurora del Yumurí (Matanzas), September 1862, as republished by the factory in 1865 (a print shop with lithographic machines on the second floor; about 3,000 different pack designs): https://cubamemorias.com/la-honradez-fabrica-de-tabacos-de-susini-e-hijos
8. University of Miami Libraries, Cuban Heritage Collection, Tobacco Art Collection (CHC5279), finding aid: https://atom.library.miami.edu/index.php/chc5279

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