Layout & composition · Free composition
All-over field
No focal point; the whole surface is filled evenly, like a textile.
A design choice in Stylogeny’s vocabulary, under layout & composition: how is the picture plane organised?
- styles make it
- 69
- as a defining choice
- 11
- as a usual one
- 28
- now and then
- 30
- avoid it
- 8
Styles defined by it 11
For these styles it is one of the choices that make the style.
Islamic Geometric & Calligraphic TraditionA visual system shared across the Islamic world in which proportioned calligraphy, compass-and-straightedge geometry and the vegetal arabesque carry meaning and beauty in place of figurative imagery.
Batik Pattern TraditionThe Javanese wax-resist textile tradition in which hot wax is drawn with a canting or stamped with a copper cap, then dyed in successive baths to build layered all-over patterns.
- African Wax & Fancy PrintIndustrially printed cotton made for West and Central African markets, first by Dutch and British mills that imitated Javanese batik with resin resist, and later by African mills.
Bògòlanfini Mud ClothThe mud-dyed cotton cloth of the Bamana and other Malian peoples, in which the ground rather than the motif is painted: cloth dyed yellow with n'gallama leaves is covered around each sign with fermented iron-rich mud, and the unpainted signs are then bleached pale.
Taiwan Floral Cloth (Huabu)Cheap printed cotton covered edge to edge in large, full-blown peonies with lotuses, phoenixes, dragons, mandarin ducks, small florets and auspicious emblems on saturated vermilion, bright pink or sky-blue grounds.
Finnish Bold Print (Marimekko Modernism)The printed-cotton modernism of Marimekko, founded in Helsinki in 1951 by Armi and Viljo Ratia out of Viljo's printing firm Printex.
- Dazibao (Big-Character Posters)Handwritten wall posters in large brush characters that turned the walls of Mao-era China into a public forum for criticism, denunciation and, at the Democracy Wall, dissent.
Op Art GraphicsA 1960s style that turned perceptual research into graphic effect: precisely drawn lines, checks, concentric rings and modular grids, usually black and white or complementaries of equal value, that seem to vibrate, swell or move.
- Western Desert IconographyThe acrylic painting movement that took form at Papunya in 1971, when men there painted the Honey Ant Dreaming on the school wall and then on board, carrying an older practice of sand, body and ceremonial designs into lasting form. 'Western Desert' is an umbrella name: the movement also includes Warlpiri, Anmatyerre and Arrernte painters of the Central Desert.
Polish Information Picture Book (Dwie Siostry)Mostly large-format information picture books made since 2008 by the Warsaw publisher Dwie Siostry with young illustrators led by Aleksandra and Daniel Mizieliński, graduates of the city's Academy of Fine Arts: atlases, cross-sections, labyrinths, activity books and wordless seek-and-find board books.
- Hong Kong Protest Art (Umbrella Movement to the 2019–20 Protests)The graphics of Hong Kong's democracy protests, from the 2014 Umbrella Movement to the national security law of 2020, in two linked media.
Styles that often use it 28
A characteristic choice: usual in these styles, though not essential.
Amazigh Sign System & TifinaghThe visual language shared by Amazigh communities from the Rif, Atlas and Kabylie to the Aurès and the Tuareg Sahara.
Andean Woven Graphic SystemsThe graphic systems of Andean cloth, the region's most prestigious medium, in which every motif is built on the warp-and-weft grid.
- Square Kufic (Bannāʾī)Square Kufic builds Arabic script on a square grid: straight lines and right angles only, with every stroke as wide as the gap beside it.
- Kōwhaiwhai & Toi Māori DesignToi Māori, the visual arts of the tangata whenua of Aotearoa, of which kōwhaiwhai, the painted scroll patterns of paddles and meeting-house rafters, is the most graphic strand.
Adinkra & Kente Symbol SystemsThe Akan textile languages of Ghana.
Diné (Navajo) Weaving DesignThe tapestry-woven design tradition of Diné (Navajo) weavers, recorded in Spanish sources from the early 18th century.
Pacific Barkcloth (Tapa) DesignBarkcloth beaten from paper-mulberry inner bark and decorated across Polynesia and Fiji for gift exchange at weddings, funerals and chiefly investitures.
Nieuwe Kunst (Dutch Art Nouveau)The Dutch branch of Art Nouveau, seen mostly in book covers, vignettes and posters.
- Guna MolaThe reverse-appliqué blouse panels of Guna women in Panama, made by cutting through two to seven stacked layers of cotton so that every shape is ringed by echoing bands of the colours beneath.
- Arnhem Land Bark Painting & RarrkPainting in ochres on flattened stringybark by Yolŋu, Kunwinjku, Kuninjku and other clans of Arnhem Land, carrying ceremonial designs into portable form; collected from 1912, painted through art centres since the 1970s.
- Pakistani Truck ArtThe total decoration of Pakistan's trucks and buses, which grew from company marks and saints' portraits painted in the late 1940s into a workshop art in which painters, metalworkers, woodcarvers and reflective-tape specialists collaborate on each vehicle.
- Hurufiyya Calligraphic ModernismA pan-Arab and Iranian modern-art movement, begun by Madiha Omar in the late 1940s, that freed the letters of the Arabic script from text and used them as abstract visual units.
Brazilian Concrete DesignA São Paulo and Rio movement in which concrete art, concrete poetry and Brazil's first design offices shared one vocabulary: Max Bill's mathematically generated geometry, serial repetition and sans-serif type.
Zagreb Modernist Graphics (EXAT 51 to Teatar &TD)Zagreb graphic design grown from the EXAT 51 manifesto (1951), which tied abstract art to visual communication.
Rorke's Drift LinocutThe prints of the Lutheran art centre that Swedish teachers Peder and Ulla Gowenius started at Ceza Hospital in 1962 and moved to Rorke's Drift in 1963: under apartheid, which denied Black South Africans formal fine-art education, the chief training ground for many Black artists.
Soviet Central Asian Ornamental ModernismThe monumental art of Soviet Central Asia after the 1966 Tashkent earthquake: a strand of Socialist Realism mixed with Islamic and national ornament.
Tingatinga PaintingA Tanzanian popular painting school begun in Dar es Salaam by Edward Tingatinga (1932–1972), who from 1968 painted animals, birds and village scenes in glossy bicycle enamel on square hardboard ceiling boards for residents and tourists.
Warli PaintingThe ritual wall painting of the Warli, an Adivasi people of the northern Sahyadri in Maharashtra, carried onto paper and canvas from the 1970s by Jivya Soma Mashe and others.
Pixação (São Paulo Tag Reto)The name-writing of São Paulo's pixadores, which since the 1980s has covered walls and façades and, from the 1990s, the upper floors of tower blocks.
Memphis DesignThe Milan collective founded by Ettore Sottsass, whose furniture, laminates and objects (first shown in September 1981) became a graphic language of their own.
Torres Strait Islander LinocutRelief prints by Torres Strait Islander artists of Zenadth Kes, which grew from an Indigenous visual art course at Cairns College of TAFE by 1991 and the Mualgau Minaral collective on Mua (Moa) Island.
Hype Streetwear Graphics (Box Logo to Quotation Marks)The logo-led graphics of streetwear since the 1990s: one wordmark or emblem on a plain T-shirt, hoodie or object is the product.
SuperflatThe flat, saturated, cartoon-crowded look that Takashi Murakami named in his exhibition and manifesto Superflat (Tokyo, 2000; US tour 2001).
- Indian Pop-Kitsch Design (Desi Kitsch)Urban Indian gift and T-shirt design from the late 1990s into the 2010s that recasts the street and bazaar as ironic, affectionate icons: truck tails and 'Horn OK Please', auto-rickshaws, Ambassadors and Chetaks, cutting chai, old Bollywood stills and dialogues, Bhagat Singh in place of Che.
- Indonesian Woodcut Activism (Taring Padi)The protest graphics of Taring Padi, the collective founded by students and activists in Yogyakarta in 1998 as Suharto fell, and of the punk and activist woodcut scenes around it.
Glitch Art & Datamosh GraphicsAn art and design practice that makes digital failure the picture.
Data HumanismAn information-design approach that draws data rather than charting it, treating numbers as personal, approximate and human.
Chilean Estallido Social Graphics (Revuelta Popular of 2019–20)The street graphics of Chile's popular revolt, from 18 October 2019 to the March 2020 lockdowns, when a leaderless movement covered Santiago's Plaza de la Dignidad, the Alameda and other cities' walls.
Styles that use it now and then 30
An occasional choice in these styles.
- Mithila (Madhubani) Paintingc. 1350–present
- Persian Nastaʿlīq Calligraphy (Qiṭʿa, Chalipa and Siyāh-mashq)c. 1400–present
- Rinpa & Saga-bon1600–present
- Northwest Coast Formline Design1700–present
- Arts & Crafts Movement1860–1920
- Celtic Revival Illumination & Lettering1861–1951
- Norwegian and Finnish National Romantic Graphics (Munthe & Karelianism)1880–1922
- Kanga (Swahili Message Cloth)1886–present
- Cubist Pictorial Space1907–1925
- Vorticism & BLAST Typography1914–1920
- Dada1916–1924
- Ndebele Geometric Painting1940–present
- Di Tella Graphic Design (Instituto Torcuato Di Tella)1960–1970
- Greek Tourism Modernism (EOT)1960–1974
- Casablanca School Graphic Modernism1962–1987
- Mexico 68 Olympic & Metro Identity1966–1970
- AfriCOBRA1968–present
- Ultras Graphics (Curva Banners and Tifo)1968–present
- Kawaii Design1970–present
- L'Association and French Alternative Comics1990–present
- Japanese Dense Web Design1999–present
- Arabic Calligraffiti2002–present
- Danmaku Bullet-Comment Overlay2006–present
- Generative & Dynamic Identities2007–present
- Lucerne Poster Scene (Neubad & Südpol Posters)2007–present
- Egyptian Revolutionary Street Art (Mohamed Mahmoud Murals)2011–2014
- Low Poly Illustration2012–present
- Latin American Feminist Protest Graphics (Ni Una Menos and the Green Wave)2015–present
- Book Blob (Abstract Colour-Blob Literary Fiction Cover)2019–2023
- Palestinian Watermelon and Keffiyeh Graphics2021–present
It often goes with
Choices that the styles making it make more often than the atlas as a whole.
- Pattern & repeatin 52 of 69
- Repetition & rhythmin 65 of 69
- Textile & craftin 41 of 69
- Flat hierarchyin 34 of 69
- Horror vacuiin 51 of 69
- Abundant decorationin 36 of 69
Styles that avoid it
Styles that deliberately leave it out.
- Ottoman Tughra & Dîvânî Chancery Calligraphyc. 1324–present
- Javanese Wayang Kulit (Tatah Sungging)1500–present
- Zoomorphic & Figural Calligraphy (Islamic Calligrams)1500–present
- Ten Bamboo Studio Colour Woodblock (Douban & Gonghua)1626–present
- Fante Asafo Flags (Frankaa)1850–present
- Amazonian Boat Lettering (Abridores de Letras)1925–present
- Baybayin Revival Graphics1963–present
- Korean Webtoon Graphics2002–present