Rational modernism · 1953–1968 · Central Europe
HfG Ulm Systematic Design
Also known as Ulm School of Design, Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm, Ulm Model
The Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm (1953–1968) was founded as the successor to the Bauhaus. Under Tomás Maldonado it turned that legacy into a scientific discipline: visual communication was treated as information design, governed by semiotics, ergonomics and methodical planning rather than artistic intuition. Its work for Braun and Otl Aicher's Lufthansa programme set the template for the corporate design system: a strict grid, one grotesque family, a coded colour palette and a manual governing every application.
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01
How it works
- Derive every layout from a documented grid and measurement system that others can apply without the designer present.
- Restrict a whole programme to one sans-serif family, a few sizes and weights, and a fixed colour code.
- Analyse function, user and context methodically before drawing anything; justify each decision.
- Codify the identity in a design manual so that print, products, vehicles and signage behave as one system.
- Use objective product photography and diagrams; exclude expressive illustration and personal handwriting.
- Let colour signal and code information rather than decorate.
Ulm, West Germany
02
Its design choices
From Stylogeny’s vocabulary of design choices: defining choices make the style, characteristic ones are usual, occasional ones turn up now and then.
- Layout & composition
- Space & hierarchy
- Typography
- Colour
- Surface & texture
- Imagery
- Medium & production
- Tone & intent
- Avoids
- Abundant decoration, Ornamented display, Hand-lettering, Eclectic mixing, Painterly illustration, Collage & layering, Painterly brushwork, Romantic & sensual
Palette
#f4f4f1#1b1b1b#0b2244#f2b01e#8a8d8f
Typefaces
Akzidenz-Grotesk
Helvetica
Univers
Rotis
Otl Aicher, 1988, a late outgrowth
Known for
Otl Aicher & Entwicklungsgruppe E5
Lufthansa corporate design, 1962–63
Hans Gugelot & Dieter Rams, Braun SK 4 (1956), from the HfG–Braun collaboration
Max Bill
founding rector and architect of the HfG building
Tomás Maldonado
rector; semiotics and scientific method in design
Anthony Froshaug
typography teacher
ulm, journal of the Hochschule für Gestaltung
1958–1968
03
Make something in this style
Say what you need, and Stylogeny’s image studio draws it from HfG Ulm Systematic Design’s design choices and checks it against them. It takes about a minute, and you get a link to share.
04
Where it comes from, and what it’s close to
Before it
The style it grew out of, and the styles it borrowed from.
After it
The styles that grew out of it.
Alike in its design choices
Styles that make many of the same choices, related or not, besides those above.
05
Real works
Artefacts in museums, libraries and archives that show the style, linked at their source.
- ulm: Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Gestaltung, nos. 1–21Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm (editor: Tomás Maldonado) · 1958–1968 · HfG-Archiv, Museum Ulm (HfG-Ar Sti M 0284)
- Möbelsystem M 125 (product brochure for Wilhelm Bofinger)Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm (graphic design); furniture system by Hans Gugelot · 1957 · Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (FS 502), via Europeana
- Das 19. Jahrhundert (Ulmer Volkshochschule, Thursday lectures, January–February 1956)Otl Aicher · 1956 · HfG-Archiv, Museum Ulm (HfG-Ar Ai G 109)
06
Sources
- Herbert Lindinger (ed.), Ulm Design: The Morality of Objects (MIT Press, 1991)
- René Spitz, hfg ulm: The View Behind the Foreground (2002)
- Philip B. Meggs & Alston W. Purvis, Meggs' History of Graphic Design
How Stylogeny researches and checks a style: where the facts come from.









