Style combination · Pairs well
Dutch Expressive Postmodernism × Punk
Hard Werken began as a DIY underground magazine; add punk's photocopied cut-and-paste to the Dutch idiom's offset colour for a rougher, more anti-professional edge.
Mix them and make something Dutch Expressive Postmodernism Punk
01
What each style brings
Each part of the design comes from the style with the stronger say in it, and each style gives at least two.
Dutch Expressive Postmodernism (Studio Dumbar & Hard Werken) Punk & DIY Zine
- Type from Dutch Expressive Postmodernism
- Colour from Punk
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Dutch Expressive Postmodernism avoids monochrome: this is where the two pull against each other.
- Form from Dutch Expressive Postmodernism
- Composition from Dutch Expressive Postmodernism
- Surface from Punk
02
The type
Open fonts standing in for each style’s own type, which is often hand-drawn or commercial.
Display · Dutch Expressive Postmodernism
Loud
Inter Tight, standing in for Grotesques sliced, rescaled and layered
Text · Punk
The graphic voice of punk rock in fanzines, record sleeves and gig flyers: images and words cut from newspapers, typed or scrawled, pasted down and run off on a photocopier. Deliberate crudeness, ransom-note lettering and hijacked mass-media imagery turned cheap reproduction into an anti-professional statement of autonomy and dissent.
Courier Prime; Punk used Ransom-note cut-out lettering and Typewriter faces
03
The colours
The ground and leading colours come from Punk, with a counter-accent from Dutch Expressive Postmodernism. The ink reads on the ground at 4.5:1 or more.
Dutch Expressive Postmodernism (Studio Dumbar & Hard Werken) Punk & DIY Zine
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#f2efe6ground · 36% -
#0d0d0dink · 14% -
#ff2fa0accent · 18% -
#e5007eaccent · 14% -
#d7191caccent · 10% -
#8c8c8caccent · 8%
As CSS
:root {
--ground: #f2efe6;
--ink: #0d0d0d;
--accent-1: #ff2fa0;
--accent-2: #e5007e;
--accent-3: #d7191c;
--accent-4: #8c8c8c;
--font-display: "Inter Tight", sans-serif;
--font-text: "Courier Prime", monospace;
}Use it with care
Dutch Expressive Postmodernism (Studio Dumbar & Hard Werken): The police logo and vehicle striping and the PTT and film-festival marks are live or protected identities: borrow the method (built sets, mismatched type, deconstructed modernist elements), never reproduce the Politie insignia or striping, which signal real police authority, or present a design as a Studio Dumbar or Hard Werken work.
04
The two styles
05
More combinations
With Dutch Expressive Postmodernism
- Cranbrook & Deconstructivist Typography Contrasts · Its transatlantic contemporary: Katherine McCoy of Cranbrook co-organised the 1986 Chicago show of Dutch design. Cranbrook layers text to be read and argued over; the Dutch studios layer pictures, colour and staged depth to be enjoyed. Choose Cranbrook for theory-laden spreads and the Dutch idiom for posters that must play.
- Memphis Design Pairs well · A contemporary 1980s attack on good taste: set Memphis primitives, squiggles and patterned laminates inside a Dumbar-style photographed set for a poster with real shadows and clashing colour.
- De Stijl Pairs well · Dumbar's forerunner at Teldesign, the Mondriaan poster for the Gemeentemuseum Den Haag (1971–72), photographed De Stijl's coloured bars standing in real space like an installation, and his De Stijl poster with Lex van Pieterson (1982) was a staged arrangement of objects, among them a portrait of Rietveld; lift the primaries and bars off the page, build them as a set and photograph it for the Dutch postmodern twist on the movement.
- Swiss Punk / New Wave Typography Contrasts · Basel's rebellion kept the grotesque and the halftone in an abstract grid; the Dutch one brings in figures, props, painting and photographed depth. Choose Basel New Wave for abstract type textures and the Dutch idiom when the poster needs objects and a stage.
- Total Design & Dutch Functionalism Contrasts · The foil it was 'anti' to: Total Design's visible grid, one cool sans and white space against Hard Werken's and Dumbar's mismatched type, crude assemblage and shrieking colour. The same 1986 exhibition set them up as the two poles of Dutch design; quote one exposed grid inside a staged-photo poster to show the argument.
- Hipgnosis Photographic Concept Sleeve Contrasts · Studio Dumbar also built scenes and photographed them, but filled the set with mismatched type and flat modernist shapes; Hipgnosis kept the lettering off the picture and made the scene look plausible. Choose between a visibly constructed set and a believable impossibility.
With Punk
- Russian Constructivism Pairs well · Borrow Constructivist diagonals and red-and-black bars to give punk collage the agitprop structure post-punk sleeves later adopted.
- Risograph & Indie Print Culture Pairs well · Run punk collages through a riso in fluoro pink and black to keep the DIY ethic while gaining richer, layered colour.
- Corporate Identity Modernism Contrasts · Deface a clean corporate identity with xerox collage to make the critique of polish and authority explicit.
- Frutiger Aero Contrasts · Glossy optimism is everything punk rejects; one torn xerox fragment on an aero gradient reads as instant sabotage.
- Fluxus Graphics (Maciunas) Contrasts · Both mix found type with appropriated pictures, but punk tears and photocopies while Fluxus keeps a clean offset black, justified blocks and a tight edge-to-edge grid; use the Fluxus version when cheap materials should still look ordered.
- Natural Wine Label Art Pairs well · Alice Feiring calls the earlier natural-wine scene punk rock: of Gut Oggau she says 'This is where things grow up and stop being so punk rock' (Punch, 2021). Take punk's refusal of professional polish but drop the collage and the anger: one felt-pen picture on a white label carries the same do-it-yourself stance in a friendlier voice.
- Grapus (French Militant Graphic Collective) Contrasts · Both scribble over photographs, but punk's photocopied blacks and ransom-note type are cheap and nihilist, while Grapus prints bright offset colour, mostly on white, in an optimistic, party-backed voice.
- Situationist Détournement Graphics Contrasts · Punk reprised the situationist prank in the late 1970s, but it packs torn photocopies and mixed type into crowded pages; détournement keeps a few recognisable fragments and lets each one say the opposite of what it said. Borrow the rewritten balloon when a punk layout needs a sharper argument.