# Warli Painting

> The ritual wall painting of the Warli, an Adivasi people of the northern Sahyadri in Maharashtra, carried onto paper and canvas from the 1970s by Jivya Soma Mashe and others. White rice paste (on paper and cloth often white poster colour or watercolour), drawn with a chewed bamboo twig on a red-earth and cow-dung ground, builds every form from circle, triangle and square: a person is two triangles joined at the tip. Rows of farmers, fishers and dancers fill the field around a sacred square (chauk) or wheel in the spiral of the tarpa dance, flat and without perspective.

- Period: 1970–present
- Where: South Asia
- Origin: Warli Adivasi villages at the foot of the northern Sahyadri (Western Ghats): Dahanu, Talasari, Jawhar and Mokhada in Palghar district (formerly part of Thane district), Maharashtra, with Warli communities reaching into southern Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Married women (suvasini) painted the ritual chauk on walls washed with cow dung and red mud, using rice paste and a bamboo twig, for weddings and harvests while women priests (Dhavleri) sang for hours to invoke the Warli gods. In the 1970s a team guided by the cultural activist Pupul Jayakar helped Warli painters move to paper and canvas, and the Mumbai artist Bhaskar Kulkarni worked closely with them. Jivya Soma Mashe, the first Warli man to take up the art, painted daily rather than for ritual, and the portable form, now painted mostly by men, entered galleries, books and design. The undated wall tradition is older; the period here starts with the portable form.
- Branch: Traditions & vernacular
- Also known as: Warli art, Warli tribal art
- Page: https://stylogeny.com/styles/warli-painting/

## Use it with care

Warli painting is the living art of an Adivasi community, and its wall form is ritual: married women (suvasini) painted the chauk with the mother goddess Palaghata for weddings and harvests, and at some weddings still draw its first lines before men painters finish it, while women priests who officiate at weddings (Dhavleri, described as widows in Scroll's 2022 account of the Warli women's revival) sing. Do not use the chauk or Palaghata as decoration, and do not call the art 'primitive' or prehistoric. Its easy-to-copy figures are widely reproduced on products and campaigns, often without credit or payment to Warli painters; 'Warli Painting' is a Geographical Indication registered by the Adivasi Yuva Seva Sangh, but it does not stop Warli-style graphics made elsewhere. Commission, license from or credit named Warli artists, do not sell Warli-style goods as Warli handicraft, and never present a generated image as a Warli painting. Since the 1970s the paid form has been painted mostly by men, who now paint many wedding chauks too; credit the women whose ritual practice it comes from, and the Warli women reclaiming it, such as the Dhavleri group in Palghar district (Kirti Vartha, Suchita Kamadi and others), who paint wedding chauks and murals.

## How it works

- Paint in one white on one earth ground: rice paste on a red-ochre or cow-dung-washed wall, or white poster colour or watercolour on paper or cloth darkened with cow dung or mud, and no other colour.
- Build every form from circle, triangle and square: sun and moon as circles, hills and trees as triangles, a person as two triangles joined at the tip with a circle head and line limbs.
- Gather the scene around a centre when it needs one, such as the tarpa player inside a ring of dancers, and spread village life around it: sowing, harvest, fishing, hunting, weddings and festivals. In ritual paintings that centre is the chauk holding the mother goddess Palaghata (Palghat), which belongs to Warli painters and rites and is not a motif to borrow.
- Repeat small, similar figures in rows, rings and spirals, as in the tarpa dance where the dancers circle the musician, so that rhythm rather than scale carries the scene.
- Keep the picture plane flat: no perspective, shading or modelling, and figures that work as signs rather than portraits.
- Let the hand show: draw with a chewed stick or fine brush so strokes have soft, dry edges and every figure differs slightly from the next.

## Its design choices

Defining choices make the style, characteristic ones are usual, occasional ones turn up now and then.

### Layout & composition
- [All-over field](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/all-over-field/) (characteristic)
- [Radial & concentric](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/radial-and-concentric/) (characteristic)
- [Framed panels](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/framed-panels/) (occasional)
- [Central symmetry](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/central-symmetry/) (occasional)
- [Organic flow](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/organic-flow/) (occasional)

### Space & hierarchy
- [Repetition & rhythm](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/repetition-and-rhythm/) (defining)
- [Flat hierarchy](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/flat-hierarchy/) (characteristic)
- [Horror vacui](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/horror-vacui/) (characteristic)
- [Single focal point](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/single-focal-point/) (occasional)
- [Sequential narrative](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/sequential-narrative/) (occasional)

### Typography
- [Hand-lettering](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/hand-lettering/) (occasional)

### Colour
- [Monochrome](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/monochrome/) (defining)
- [Earth & mineral](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/earth-and-mineral/) (defining)
- [Dark ground](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/dark-ground/) (defining)
- [Flat fields](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/flat-fields/) (characteristic)

### Form & shape
- [Geometric primitives](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/geometric-primitives/) (defining)
- [Stylised figuration](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/stylised-figuration/) (defining)
- [Pictogram](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/pictogram/) (characteristic)
- [Angular & zigzag](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/angular-and-zigzag/) (occasional)
- [Biomorphic curves](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/biomorphic-curves/) (occasional)

### Surface & texture
- [Painterly brushwork](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/painterly-brushwork/) (characteristic)
- [Flat](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/flat/) (characteristic)
- [Paper & letterpress bite](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/paper-and-letterpress-bite/) (occasional)

### Ornament
- [Folk & sacred symbols](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/folk-and-sacred-symbols/) (defining)
- [Borders & frames](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/borders-and-frames/) (occasional)
- [Cosmic & celestial](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/cosmic-and-celestial/) (occasional)

### Imagery
- [Line illustration](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/line-illustration/) (characteristic)
- [Pattern & repeat](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/pattern-and-repeat/) (occasional)
- [Icons & pictograms](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/icons-and-pictograms/) (occasional)

### Medium & production
- [Hand-painted](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/hand-painted/) (defining)
- [Architecture & signage](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/architecture-and-signage/) (characteristic)
- [Textile & craft](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/textile-and-craft/) (occasional)
- [Screen printing](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/screen-printing/) (occasional)

### Tone & intent
- [Communal & popular](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/communal-and-popular/) (defining)
- [Spiritual & sacred](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/spiritual-and-sacred/) (characteristic)
- [Warm & approachable](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/warm-and-approachable/) (characteristic)
- [Playful & witty](https://stylogeny.com/design-choices/playful-and-witty/) (occasional)

Avoids: Full polychrome, Gradients, Fluorescent & neon, Illusion of depth, Non-representational, Naturalistic depiction, Gloss & highlights, Straight photography

Palette: #8e3b25, #6b3a26, #f3ede0, #4a2f20, #b5643a

Typefaces: No script inside the scene: Warli painting is essentially wordless, the only lettering being the painter's small signature in Devanagari at the lower right (as on works by Jivya Soma Mashe and Balu Jivya Mashe), so let its figure repertoire (two-triangle people, circle suns and moons, triangle hills, rings of dancers) work as the glyph set, Monoline Devanagari (Marathi) or Gujarati hand-lettering drawn in the same white stroke, kept small and outside the scene, when text must accompany Warli-derived graphics, Mukta and Mukta Vaani (Ek Type, Mumbai; Devanagari, Gujarati and Latin, SIL Open Font License), set in white at text sizes for captions beside Warli-derived artwork

Known for: Jivya Soma Mashe (1934–2018), the first Warli man to take up the art in the 1970s, introduced to the outside world by Bhaskar Kulkarni; first shown at Gallery Chemould, Mumbai (1975), and at the Palais de Menton, France (1976); Prince Claus Award (2009) and Padma Shri (2011); Jivya Soma Mashe's fishing-net paintings, in which white, net-like domes fill most of the canvas, among them Fishnet (2009), pictured on the Fondation Cartier's artist page, and a Fishnet acquired by the Société Générale collection in 2015; Jivya Soma Mashe, Untitled (Harvesting), rice paste on cow-dung-washed canvas, with a shrine to the tiger god Wagobha at bottom centre (Sarmaya, Mumbai, 2015.2.117); Sadashiv Jivya Mashe (b. 1958), Jivya's elder son, who continues his father's practice; Shantaram Chintya Tumbada (b. 1975, Thane district), invited in 1993 to paint a large mural for the Tony Garnier urban museum in Lyon; his series of drawings of modern subjects, 'flying inventions', was shown in Histoires de voir (Fondation Cartier, Paris, 2012), and the Fondation's artist page pictures his Andheri-Mumbai (2011); Ramesh Hengadi and Shantaram Dhadpe with Gita Wolf, Do! (Tara Books), a picture book of verbs, silk-screen printed on recycled kraft-coloured paper (Publishers Weekly review, 2010); The Tales We Tell: Indian Warli Painting, V&A Museum of Childhood, London, with a 2016 residency by Ramesh Hengadi; Mayur and Tushar Vayeda, who use Warli painting to address threats to their homeland and the planet, as in The Wave and Birth (2021), which set present-day issues within Warli mythology

## Where it comes from, and what it’s close to

- Alike in its design choices: [Western Desert Iconography](https://stylogeny.com/styles/western-desert-iconography.md) (1971–present), 76% alike
- Alike in its design choices: [Bògòlanfini Mud Cloth](https://stylogeny.com/styles/bogolanfini.md) (1900–present), 73% alike
- Alike in its design choices: [Mithila (Madhubani) Painting](https://stylogeny.com/styles/mithila-painting.md) (c. 1350–present), 70% alike
- Alike in its design choices: [Chinese Paper-Cut (Jianzhi)](https://stylogeny.com/styles/chinese-paper-cut.md) (c. 500–present), 69% alike
- Alike in its design choices: [Northwest Coast Formline Design](https://stylogeny.com/styles/northwest-coast-formline.md) (1700–present), 66% alike
- Alike in its design choices: [Torres Strait Islander Linocut](https://stylogeny.com/styles/torres-strait-linocut.md) (1991–present), 65% alike

## Sources

- Wikipedia, 'Warli painting' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warli_painting)
- Wikipedia, 'Jivya Soma Mashe' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jivya_Soma_Mashe)
- Mangalam Swaminathan, 'From Wall to Walls – the Warli paintings', Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (https://ignca.gov.in/from-wall-to-walls-the-warll-paintings/)
- Sarmaya, 'A Return to the Land – A history of Warli paintings' (https://sarmaya.in/spotlight/a-return-to-the-land-a-history-of-warli-paintings/)
- Sarmaya, Jivya Soma Mashe, Untitled (Harvesting), 2015.2.117 (https://sarmaya.in/objects/indigenous-tribal-art/harvesting-warli/)
- Sarmaya, Tushar and Mayur Vayeda, The Wave, 2021, cow dung background on traditionally treated cloth, white water colour, 2021.30.3 (https://sarmaya.in/objects/indigenous-tribal-art/the-wave/)
- Société Générale Collection, 'The remarkable story of Warli art', 3 March 2016 (https://collection.societegenerale.com/en/news/the-remarkable-story-of-warli-art-1387)
- Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, artist page 'Jivya Soma Mashe' (https://www.fondationcartier.com/en/collection/artists/jivya-soma-mashe)
- Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, artist page 'Shantaram Chintya Tumbada' (https://www.fondationcartier.com/en/collection/artists/shantaram-chintya-tumbada-2)
- V&A Museum of Childhood blog, 'Telling stories and drawing life – Indian Warli Community projects at the V&A Museum of Childhood', 2016 (https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/museum-of-childhood/warli-at-moc)
- Tara Books, 'Do!' (https://tarabooks.com/shop/do/)
- Publishers Weekly, review of 'Do!' by Gita Wolf, illustrated by Ramesh Hengadi and Shantaram Dhadpe, 2010 (https://www.publishersweekly.com/9788190754613)
- The IP Press, 'Geographical Indication (GI) tags of Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman and Diu', reproducing the GI register entry for Warli Painting (https://www.theippress.com/?p=3433)
- Rooftop, 'Warli art is everywhere, but the artists who created it are still being left behind', 15 July 2026, on uncredited commercial use and the limits of the GI (https://rooftopapp.com/blogs/warli-art-is-everywhere-but-the-artists-who-created-it-are-still-being-left-behind)
- Nolina Minj, 'The women who are reclaiming Warli art', Scroll, 15 June 2022 (https://scroll.in/article/1026111/the-women-who-are-reclaiming-warli-art)
- Global InCH, International Journal of Living Heritage, 'Warli Tribal Art of Maharashtra', on white poster paint over a cow-dung or mud ground in commercial work on paper and cloth (https://globalinch.org/?p=729)
- Saffronart, Folk and Tribal Art Auction, 26–27 February 2013, lot 59: Jivya Soma Mashe, Untitled, natural pigment on fabric, 'Signed in Devnagari (lower right)' (https://www.saffronart.com/auctions/postwork.aspx?l=8083)
- Saffronart, Summer Online Auction, 15–16 June 2026, lot 128: Balu Jivya Mashe, Untitled (Warli), 2020, geru and acrylic on cloth, 'Signed in Devnagari (lower right)' (https://www.saffronart.com/auctions/PreWork.aspx?l=54462)
- Mushtak Khan, 'Warli Painting', Sahapedia (https://www.sahapedia.org/warli-painting)
- Ek Type, Mukta font family (https://github.com/EkType/Mukta)

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From Stylogeny (https://stylogeny.com/), an atlas of graphic-design styles by Van Riel Online Services. How it is made: https://stylogeny.com/about/. Cite as: Stylogeny, “Warli Painting”, https://stylogeny.com/styles/warli-painting/